A tsunami is a series of large waves generated by a sudden disturbance in the ocean, typically caused by an underwater earthquake, landslide, or volcanic eruption.

The majority of tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes, particularly those that occur along tectonic plate boundaries.

Tsunamis can travel at incredible speeds in the open ocean, reaching up to 500-1000 km/h (310-620 mph).

As a tsunami approaches the shore, it slows down due to the interaction with the shallower water and the resistance of the seabed.

In the open ocean, tsunamis are typically less than 1 meter (3 feet) in height, making them difficult to detect.

The height of a tsunami when it reaches the shore is influenced by various factors, including the shape of the coastline, the depth of the water near the shore, and the angle at which the tsunami strikes the shore.

Tsunamis can cause extensive flooding and inundation, strong currents and waves, and significant structural damage.

The Pacific Ocean is the most prone to tsunamis due to its high seismic and volcanic activity, particularly along the Pacific Ring of Fire.

Tsunami drawdown refers to the rapid receding of water from the shoreline, often exposing the seafloor, which can be a sign of an impending tsunami.

The safest action during a tsunami is to evacuate to a designated tsunami evacuation area, typically located at higher ground or inland.

Tsunamis can travel several kilometers inland, depending on the topography of the coastline and the strength of the tsunami.

Tsunami echoes refer to the smaller waves that follow the initial large tsunami and can continue to cause damage and flooding.

Major tsunamis typically occur every few centuries in a particular region, although the exact recurrence interval can vary.

Japan has the longest history of recorded tsunamis, dating back several centuries.

The Global Tsunami Warning System is the international system that provides tsunami alerts to countries around the world.