White balance is primarily adjusted to correct color casts caused by different light sources. This ensures that the colors in the photograph accurately represent the actual colors of the subjects.

Tungsten light, often found in incandescent bulbs, produces a warm color cast, resulting in a reddish or yellowish tint in the photograph.

Using a white balance card is the most common and accurate method of setting white balance. The card is placed in front of the camera, and the camera's white balance is adjusted to match the neutral gray color of the card.

The Kelvin scale is used to measure the color temperature of a light source. It is a scale of absolute temperature that is used to describe the color of light. A lower Kelvin value corresponds to a warmer color temperature, while a higher Kelvin value corresponds to a cooler color temperature.

The daylight white balance setting is recommended for shooting outdoors on a sunny day. This setting is designed to accurately reproduce the colors of natural daylight.

A color checker is used to calibrate the camera's sensor to ensure accurate color reproduction. It consists of a series of colored patches that are photographed under different lighting conditions. The camera's white balance is then adjusted to match the known colors of the patches.

The fluorescent white balance setting is suitable for shooting indoors under fluorescent lighting. This setting is designed to correct the green color cast often associated with fluorescent light.

Automatic white balance adjusts the color temperature based on the scene, using algorithms to analyze the light conditions and determine the appropriate white balance setting. Manual white balance, on the other hand, requires the photographer to manually specify the color temperature, either by using a white balance card or by selecting a specific Kelvin value.

Using an incorrect white balance setting can result in color casts in the photograph, loss of detail in the highlights and shadows, and reduced image sharpness. Color casts occur when the colors in the photograph are shifted towards a particular hue, such as blue, orange, or green. Loss of detail occurs when the incorrect white balance setting causes the highlights and shadows to become too bright or too dark, resulting in a loss of information in those areas. Reduced image sharpness can also occur due to the incorrect white balance setting, as the camera may struggle to accurately focus on the subject.

White balance can be adjusted in post-processing software using a variety of tools and techniques. The color temperature slider allows the photographer to adjust the overall color temperature of the image. The white balance eyedropper tool allows the photographer to select a specific area of the image that should be neutral gray, and the software will adjust the white balance accordingly. Color correction tools, such as hue, saturation, and lightness adjustments, can also be used to fine-tune the white balance and correct any remaining color casts.

White balance is a prerequisite for color grading. Color grading is the process of adjusting the colors in an image to achieve a desired look or mood. However, if the white balance is not properly set, the colors in the image will be inaccurate, and any color grading adjustments will be applied to the incorrect colors. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that the white balance is correct before performing color grading.

Cloudy is not a common white balance preset in digital cameras. The most common white balance presets are Tungsten, Fluorescent, Daylight, and Auto.

The tungsten white balance setting is recommended for shooting indoors under tungsten lighting. This setting is designed to correct the orange color cast often associated with tungsten light.

The photographer's skill and experience is not a factor that can affect the accuracy of white balance adjustment. The accuracy of white balance adjustment is determined by the type of light source, the color temperature of the light source, and the camera's white balance setting.