International trade allows countries to specialize in the production of goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage, leading to increased efficiency and productivity, and ultimately, economic growth.

Protectionism involves the use of tariffs, quotas, or other barriers to restrict imports and protect domestic industries from foreign competition.

Mercantilism is an economic policy that advocates for the accumulation of wealth and power through the promotion of exports and the restriction of imports.

Comparative advantage is based on the idea that countries should specialize in the production of goods and services for which they have relatively lower opportunity costs, determined by differences in factor endowments such as labor, capital, and natural resources.

Globalization, while bringing many benefits, also poses challenges such as increased economic inequality, loss of cultural identity, and environmental degradation.

Developing countries can benefit from international trade by gaining access to new markets and technologies, attracting foreign investment, and creating jobs and economic growth.

The WTO is an international organization that promotes free trade, resolves trade disputes, and sets trade rules and regulations.

A tariff is a tax imposed on imported goods, while a quota is a restriction on the quantity of imported goods.

A higher exchange rate makes domestic currency more expensive relative to foreign currencies, making exports more expensive for foreign buyers and imports cheaper for domestic buyers.

International trade allows countries to specialize in the production of goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage, leading to increased efficiency, productivity, and economic growth.

Free trade advocates argue that it promotes economic efficiency and growth, leads to lower consumer prices, and encourages innovation and technological advancement.

Critics of free trade argue that it can lead to job losses in certain industries, exacerbate economic inequality, and harm the environment.

International trade plays a crucial role in promoting economic development by providing access to new markets and technologies, attracting foreign investment, creating jobs, and helping countries diversify their economies.

International trade is not without its challenges, which include trade imbalances and currency fluctuations, protectionist policies and trade barriers, and the unequal distribution of benefits from trade.