Biodegradation is the process by which microorganisms break down and convert contaminants into harmless or less harmful substances.

In situ bioremediation is a technique where microorganisms are introduced directly into the contaminated soil to break down the contaminants.

Bioremediation is generally cost-effective, less disruptive to the environment, and can be faster than traditional cleanup methods.

Phytoremediation is a technique where plants are used to absorb and break down contaminants from soil and water.

Phytoaccumulation is the process by which plants absorb and store contaminants in their tissues.

Ex situ bioremediation is a technique where contaminated water is removed from the environment and treated in a controlled setting using microorganisms.

Ex situ bioremediation allows for better control over the bioremediation process, such as temperature, pH, and nutrient levels.

Bioaugmentation is a technique where microorganisms are added to a contaminated site to enhance the biodegradation of contaminants.

Bioaugmentation increases the diversity of microorganisms at a contaminated site, which can enhance the biodegradation of contaminants.

Biostabilization is a technique where microorganisms are used to stabilize and immobilize contaminants in soil, preventing their migration and leaching.

Biostabilization reduces the risk of contaminant migration and leaching, making it a suitable technique for long-term environmental cleanup.

Biofiltration is a technique where microorganisms are used to remove contaminants from the atmosphere, typically through the use of biofilters.

Biofiltration is a low-energy process, making it a sustainable and cost-effective option for air pollution control.

Biosparging is a technique where air or oxygen is injected into groundwater to stimulate the growth of microorganisms that can degrade contaminants.

Biosparging can accelerate the biodegradation of contaminants in groundwater, resulting in faster cleanup times.