Coastal erosion is influenced by a combination of factors, including sea level rise, human activities such as coastal development and infrastructure, and natural disasters like storms and tsunamis.

Sea level rise exacerbates coastal erosion by increasing the erosive power of waves, inundating low-lying coastal areas, and accelerating the rate of cliff retreat.

Coastal development, such as the construction of seawalls, groynes, and jetties, can alter natural sediment transport patterns and exacerbate coastal erosion.

Coastal erosion management aims to mitigate the impacts of erosion, such as property damage, infrastructure loss, and habitat degradation, rather than completely preventing erosion.

Seawalls are a hard engineering structure designed to protect coastal areas from erosion by reflecting wave energy.

Soft engineering approaches, such as beach nourishment and dune restoration, are generally considered more environmentally friendly than hard engineering structures.

Planting mangroves is an example of a nature-based solution for coastal erosion management, as mangroves help to stabilize shorelines and reduce erosion.

Climate change adaptation strategies can address coastal erosion by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, implementing coastal erosion management measures, and relocating coastal communities.

Coastal erosion management strategies often face challenges related to funding, political will, and technical expertise.

When selecting a coastal erosion management strategy, it is important to consider the severity of erosion, the environmental impact of the strategy, and the cost of the strategy.

Coastal communities can engage in coastal erosion management by participating in public consultations, providing input to decision-makers, and implementing community-based erosion control measures.

Scientific research plays a crucial role in coastal erosion management by improving our understanding of coastal processes, developing new erosion control technologies, and informing decision-making.

International cooperation can contribute to effective coastal erosion management by sharing best practices and lessons learned, providing financial and technical assistance, and promoting regional collaboration.

The ultimate goal of coastal erosion management is to adapt to coastal erosion, as complete prevention is often not feasible or sustainable.

Coastal communities can build resilience to coastal erosion by implementing coastal erosion management strategies, diversifying their economies, and improving their social and ecological resilience.