Landsat, MODIS, and Sentinel-2 are all remote sensing platforms that are commonly used for environmental monitoring.

Optical imagery, radar imagery, and thermal imagery are all commonly collected using remote sensing for environmental monitoring.

Remote sensing offers several advantages for environmental monitoring, including the ability to provide a synoptic view of the environment, collect data over large areas, and collect data at regular intervals.

Remote sensing can be expensive, difficult to interpret, and difficult to obtain, which are some of its disadvantages.

GIS is used to store, manage, analyze, and visualize environmental data.

Remote sensing and GIS are used in a variety of environmental monitoring applications, including land cover mapping, forestry management, and water quality monitoring.

Remote sensing and GIS can be used to monitor land cover changes by comparing satellite images taken at different times, using GIS to analyze land cover data, and using remote sensing to identify areas of land cover change.

Remote sensing and GIS can be used to manage forests by using remote sensing to identify areas of deforestation, using GIS to analyze forest data, and using remote sensing to monitor forest health.

Remote sensing and GIS can be used to monitor water quality by using remote sensing to measure water quality parameters, using GIS to analyze water quality data, and using remote sensing to identify areas of water pollution.

Some of the challenges associated with using remote sensing and GIS for environmental monitoring include data availability, data quality, and data interpretation.

Some of the future trends in the use of remote sensing and GIS for environmental monitoring include increased use of satellite data, increased use of GIS for data analysis, and increased use of remote sensing for data collection.

Remote sensing and GIS can be used to monitor air quality by using remote sensing to measure air quality parameters, using GIS to analyze air quality data, and using remote sensing to identify areas of air pollution.

Remote sensing and GIS can be used to monitor climate change by using remote sensing to measure climate change parameters, using GIS to analyze climate change data, and using remote sensing to identify areas of climate change impact.

Remote sensing and GIS can be used to monitor biodiversity by using remote sensing to identify areas of biodiversity, using GIS to analyze biodiversity data, and using remote sensing to monitor changes in biodiversity.

Remote sensing and GIS can be used to monitor natural disasters by using remote sensing to identify areas at risk of natural disasters, using GIS to analyze natural disaster data, and using remote sensing to monitor the impact of natural disasters.