Baroque art is characterized by its emphasis on realism, use of bright colors, and complex and elaborate ornamentation.

Peter Paul Rubens is considered one of the greatest masters of Baroque art, known for his dynamic compositions, vibrant colors, and fleshy figures.

Baroque architecture is characterized by its grandeur, elaborate ornamentation, and use of curved forms.

St. Peter's Basilica in Rome is one of the most famous examples of Baroque architecture, known for its grand scale, elaborate ornamentation, and use of curved forms.

The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that emphasized reason, logic, and the scientific method.

René Descartes, John Locke, and Voltaire are all considered major figures of the Enlightenment, known for their contributions to philosophy, science, and politics.

Constitutionalism is the political theory that emphasizes the importance of a written constitution that limits the powers of government.

The United States is a constitutional government, with a written constitution that limits the powers of government.

Classical economics is the economic theory that emphasizes the importance of free markets and individual liberty.

Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and Thomas Malthus are all considered major figures of classical economics, known for their contributions to economic theory.

Utilitarianism is the social theory that emphasizes the importance of maximizing happiness and minimizing suffering.

Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill are both considered major figures of utilitarianism, known for their contributions to ethical theory.

The Scientific Revolution was a period of rapid scientific advancement that occurred during the Enlightenment, leading to new understanding of the natural world.

Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, and Isaac Newton are all considered major figures of the Scientific Revolution, known for their contributions to astronomy, physics, and mathematics.

Neoclassicism is the artistic movement that emerged during the Enlightenment, characterized by its emphasis on classical forms and subjects.