The primary role of a local government in urban planning is to regulate land use and development. This involves zoning, issuing permits, and enforcing building codes to ensure orderly and sustainable growth.

Modern urban planning emphasizes mixed-use development, transit-oriented development, and smart growth. These principles aim to create livable, sustainable communities that promote walkability, reduce traffic congestion, and protect the environment.

Zoning is a tool used in urban planning to regulate the use of land and buildings. It divides a city or town into different zones, each with its own set of permitted uses. Zoning helps to ensure orderly development and protect the character of neighborhoods.

Public participation is an essential part of urban planning. It allows residents to provide input on planning decisions, hold government officials accountable, and raise awareness about planning issues. This helps to ensure that planning decisions reflect the needs and desires of the community.

Sustainable urban planning aims to minimize environmental impact, promote economic development, and improve social equity. It seeks to create livable, resilient communities that meet the needs of present and future generations.

Smart growth is a concept in urban planning that aims to concentrate development in urban cores, promote mixed-use development, and encourage public transportation. It seeks to create compact, walkable communities that reduce sprawl and protect the environment.

A comprehensive plan is a long-range plan that guides future development in a community. It includes a vision for the community, goals and objectives, and policies and strategies to achieve those goals. The comprehensive plan is used to regulate land use and development and make decisions about public investments.

Historic preservation in urban planning aims to protect cultural heritage, promote tourism, and revitalize neighborhoods. It involves identifying and protecting historic buildings and districts, and incorporating them into new development projects.

Transit-oriented development (TOD) is a concept in urban planning that aims to concentrate development around transit stations. It seeks to promote walkability, public transportation, and reduce traffic congestion. TOD creates vibrant, mixed-use communities that are centered around public transportation hubs.

Infrastructure plays a crucial role in urban planning. It provides essential services to residents, supports economic development, and improves public health and safety. Infrastructure includes transportation networks, water and sewer systems, energy grids, and public facilities.

Mixed-use development is a concept in urban planning that combines different land uses, such as residential, commercial, and retail, in a single development. It aims to create vibrant and diverse communities, promote walkability, and reduce traffic congestion.

Urban renewal is a process in urban planning that aims to revitalize blighted areas, improve housing conditions, and promote economic development. It involves demolishing old and dilapidated buildings, constructing new housing and commercial developments, and improving public infrastructure.

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are a form of collaboration between government agencies and private sector companies to undertake public projects. PPPs aim to leverage private sector resources, share the risk and reward of development projects, and promote innovation and efficiency.

Adaptive reuse is a concept in urban planning that involves converting old buildings for new uses. It aims to preserve historic structures, promote sustainable development, and revitalize neighborhoods.

Green infrastructure is a network of natural and engineered systems that manage stormwater runoff, reduce air pollution, and provide habitat for wildlife. It includes green roofs, rain gardens, bioswales, and permeable pavements.