The Ankh, a symbol resembling a cross with a loop at the top, is a widely recognized hieroglyph representing life, eternity, and resurrection in ancient Egyptian culture.

Cuneiform, characterized by its wedge-shaped characters, was the primary writing system used in ancient Mesopotamia, including civilizations like the Sumerians, Akkadians, and Babylonians.

The Rosetta Stone, found in Egypt, contained the same text written in three different scripts: hieroglyphics, demotic, and Greek. This enabled scholars to decipher the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic script.

The Twelve Tables, dating back to the 5th century BCE, were a set of ancient Roman laws inscribed on bronze tablets. They served as the foundation of Roman law and influenced legal systems across Europe.

Oracle bones, primarily used during the Shang dynasty in China, were animal bones or turtle shells inscribed with questions or messages. They were heated until they cracked, and the resulting patterns were interpreted as divine answers.

The Maya script, developed by the ancient Maya civilization in Mesoamerica, was a complex writing system used for various purposes, including recording historical events, rituals, and astronomical observations.

The Dead Sea Scrolls, found in caves near the Dead Sea, include ancient Jewish religious texts and manuscripts, providing valuable insights into the history and beliefs of Judaism.

The Book of the Dead, also known as the Book of Going Forth by Day, is an ancient Egyptian funerary text containing spells, prayers, and illustrations to guide the deceased through the afterlife.

The Epic of Gilgamesh, discovered in ancient Mesopotamia, is one of the oldest surviving works of literature, narrating the legendary adventures of the hero Gilgamesh and his quest for immortality.

Aesop's Fables, a collection of short stories with moral lessons, is attributed to the ancient Greek storyteller Aesop. These fables have been widely translated and adapted across cultures.

The Pyramid Texts, found inscribed on the walls of pyramids during the Old Kingdom of ancient Egypt, are the oldest known collection of religious texts in the world.

The Tao Te Ching, also known as the Daodejing, is an ancient Chinese philosophical text attributed to Laozi, emphasizing the concept of 'wu wei' or non-action and the harmony between humans and nature.

The Code of Hammurabi, dating back to the 18th century BCE, is one of the earliest and most comprehensive legal codes in history, containing laws and regulations governing various aspects of Babylonian society.

The Iliad and the Odyssey, attributed to the ancient Greek poet Homer, are epic poems that narrate the Trojan War and the subsequent journey of Odysseus back to his homeland, Ithaca.

The Hittite Cuneiform Texts, discovered in the ancient city of Hattusa, provide valuable insights into the history, culture, and religious beliefs of the Hittite civilization.