In most cultures, gender is primarily determined by an individual's biological sex, which refers to the physical and physiological characteristics that distinguish males and females.

Gender roles are the societal expectations and norms that define how men and women should behave, think, and act.

Gender identity refers to an individual's internal, deeply felt sense of being male, female, both, or neither.

Gender expression refers to the ways in which individuals communicate their gender identity to others through their appearance, behavior, and other forms of self-presentation.

Gender equality refers to the state in which men and women have equal rights, opportunities, and outcomes in all aspects of life.

The gender binary is a social construct that divides people into two distinct and opposite categories, male and female.

Genderqueer is a term used to describe individuals whose gender identity or expression does not fit neatly into the categories of male or female.

Transgender is a term used to describe individuals whose gender identity or expression differs from the sex they were assigned at birth.

Intersex is a term used to describe individuals born with physical characteristics that do not fit the typical definitions of male or female.

The gender spectrum is a concept that recognizes the wide range of gender identities and expressions that exist beyond the traditional binary categories of male and female.

Gender transition is the process by which an individual changes their gender identity and/or expression to align with their internal sense of self.

Gender dysphoria is the distress or discomfort that can result from a mismatch between an individual's gender identity and their sex assigned at birth.

Legal gender change is the process of legally changing one's gender, typically involving a change in name and gender marker on official documents.

Gender assignment is the practice of assigning a gender to a child at birth based on their external genitalia.

Gender norms are the social, cultural, and political factors that influence gender roles and identities.