Sri Aurobindo is widely regarded as the father of modern Indian literary criticism. His critical writings, such as "The Future Poetry" and "The Foundations of Indian Culture", laid the groundwork for a new approach to Indian literature that emphasized its cultural and spiritual significance.

Marxist Criticism, Feminist Criticism, and Postcolonial Criticism are all major schools of Indian literary criticism. These schools have significantly influenced the way Indian literature is interpreted and analyzed.

Marxist Criticism in Indian literature primarily focuses on class struggle and economic inequality. It examines how these factors shape the lives and experiences of characters and how they influence the themes and narratives of literary works.

Mrinal Pande is an Indian feminist critic known for her work on the representation of women in Indian literature. Her book "The Construction of the Colonial Woman" examines how colonial discourse shaped the portrayal of women in Indian literature.

Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak is considered a pioneer of postcolonial criticism in Indian literature. Her work, particularly her essay "Can the Subaltern Speak?", has been influential in shaping postcolonial theory and its application to Indian literature.

G.N. Devy is an Indian literary critic known for his work on the concept of "cultural nationalism". His book "After Amnesia: Tradition and Change in Indian Literary Criticism" explores the relationship between Indian literature and the idea of cultural nationalism.

Cultural criticism in Indian literature encompasses all of the above options. It involves analyzing the cultural context of literary works, examining the relationship between literature and society, and interpreting literary texts through the lens of cultural theory.

Ranajit Guha, Dipesh Chakrabarty, and Partha Chatterjee are all Indian literary critics known for their work on the concept of "the subaltern". Their writings have been influential in shaping postcolonial theory and its application to Indian literature.

The concept of "the subaltern" in Indian literary criticism has all of the above significances. It highlights the voices and experiences of marginalized groups, challenges traditional notions of history and power, and provides a new perspective on Indian literature.

Benedict Anderson, Partha Chatterjee, and Homi K. Bhabha are all Indian literary critics known for their work on the concept of "the nation". Their writings have been influential in shaping postcolonial theory and its application to Indian literature.

The concept of "the nation" in Indian literary criticism has all of the above significances. It examines the role of literature in nation-building, explores the relationship between literature and national identity, and analyzes the impact of colonialism on the formation of national consciousness.

Homi K. Bhabha is an Indian literary critic known for his work on the concept of "hybridity". His book "The Location of Culture" explores the complex and fluid nature of cultural identities in a globalized world.

The concept of "hybridity" in Indian literary criticism has all of the above significances. It challenges traditional notions of cultural purity, highlights the fluidity and interconnectedness of cultures, and provides a new perspective on the relationship between literature and culture.

Salman Rushdie, Amitav Ghosh, and Arundhati Roy are all Indian literary critics known for their work on the concept of "diaspora". Their writings explore the experiences and challenges of living in a diasporic community.

The concept of "diaspora" in Indian literary criticism has all of the above significances. It examines the experiences of Indian immigrants and their descendants, explores the relationship between diaspora and identity formation, and analyzes the impact of globalization on cultural identities.