Roman Law is renowned for its focus on equity and fairness, as exemplified by the principle of 'ius aequum', which sought to ensure just outcomes in legal disputes.

The Code of Hammurabi, dating back to the 18th century BCE, is an iconic legal code from ancient Mesopotamia, demonstrating the advanced legal thinking of that civilization.

Babylonian Law, particularly during the reign of King Hammurabi, placed great importance on written contracts and commercial transactions, reflecting the vibrant trading activities in ancient Mesopotamia.

The principle of 'lex talionis' is prominently found in Hebrew Law, as reflected in passages from the Old Testament, emphasizing the idea of proportionate retribution in criminal justice.

Roman Law is credited with establishing the principle of 'stare decisis', where judges are bound to follow the rulings of previous courts in similar cases, ensuring consistency and predictability in legal outcomes.

Ancient Greek legal thought placed great importance on the concept of 'Natural Law', which was believed to be inherent and universal, transcending human-made laws and customs.

Roman Law introduced the principle of 'res judicata', which prevents the relitigation of a case that has already been decided by a competent court.

Dharmaśāstra, the ancient legal system of India, draws its principles and rules primarily from religious texts such as the Vedas, Upanishads, and Dharmaśāstras.

Ancient Chinese Law placed a strong emphasis on mediation and conciliation as means of resolving disputes, aiming to maintain harmony and social order.

Roman Law introduced the concept of 'actus reus', distinguishing between the physical act and the mental state (mens rea) required for criminal liability.

The concept of 'habeas corpus' originated in English Law, ensuring that individuals cannot be detained without a valid legal basis and must be brought before a court to determine the legality of their detention.

Ritsuryō, the ancient legal system of Japan, drew significant inspiration from Chinese Law, particularly the Tang Dynasty legal code, reflecting the cultural and political ties between the two civilizations.

Ancient Indian Law, particularly Dharmaśāstra, places great importance on the concept of 'karma' and the principle of non-violence (ahimsa), emphasizing the moral and ethical dimensions of legal conduct.

Gyeongguk daejeon, the ancient legal code of Korea, was heavily influenced by Chinese Law, particularly the Tang Dynasty legal code, reflecting the cultural and political connections between the two civilizations.

Babylonian Law introduced the concept of 'strict liability', holding individuals accountable for harm caused regardless of their intent, reflecting the emphasis on objective consequences rather than subjective mental states.