The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict sets the minimum age for recruitment and use of children in armed conflict at 18 years.

Geneva Convention IV, also known as the Fourth Geneva Convention, specifically addresses the protection of civilians, including children, during armed conflict.

The principle of distinction in IHL requires parties to an armed conflict to distinguish between combatants and non-combatants, between military and civilian objects, and between direct and indirect attacks.

The principle of proportionality in IHL requires that an attack must not cause excessive civilian casualties, must be limited to military objectives, and must be necessary to achieve a legitimate military objective.

The principle of precaution in IHL requires parties to an armed conflict to take all feasible precautions to avoid or minimize civilian casualties, damage to civilian objects, and environmental damage.

Grave violations against children in armed conflict include killing and maiming, recruitment and use of children as soldiers, sexual violence, abduction, and attacks on schools and hospitals.

States have the responsibility to take all feasible measures to prevent grave violations against children during armed conflict, to investigate and prosecute perpetrators of grave violations, and to provide assistance and support to victims of grave violations.

International humanitarian organizations play a crucial role in protecting children during armed conflict by providing humanitarian assistance, advocating for the rights of children, and monitoring and reporting on violations against children.

Education is crucial for children in armed conflict as it provides them with a sense of normalcy, helps them develop skills for the future, and can help prevent them from being recruited as soldiers.

The United Nations Security Council has the responsibility to adopt resolutions on the protection of children, to impose sanctions on states that violate the rights of children, and to refer situations of grave violations against children to the International Criminal Court.

Involving children in peacebuilding processes is important because children can provide valuable insights into the impact of conflict on their lives, can help identify and address the root causes of conflict, and can play a role in promoting reconciliation and healing.

Armed groups have the responsibility to refrain from recruiting and using children as soldiers, to take all feasible measures to avoid or minimize harm to children, and to provide access to humanitarian assistance for children.

Mental health and psychosocial support is crucial for children affected by armed conflict as it helps them cope with the trauma of war, prevents the development of mental health problems, and promotes resilience and recovery.

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) plays a vital role in protecting children during armed conflict by providing humanitarian assistance, promoting compliance with IHL, and monitoring and reporting on violations against children.

Documenting violations against children during armed conflict is important as it helps to hold perpetrators accountable, prevent future violations, and provide evidence for peace negotiations.