The substantia nigra is not a component of the basal ganglia, but rather a part of the midbrain.

The basal ganglia are primarily involved in motor control, including the initiation, execution, and coordination of movement.

Dopamine is the primary neurotransmitter used by the basal ganglia, and its dysregulation is implicated in movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease.

The caudate nucleus receives input from the cerebral cortex, which carries information about intended movements and sensory feedback.

The globus pallidus interna sends output to the thalamus, which then projects to the cerebral cortex, influencing motor control and other cognitive functions.

The subthalamic nucleus modulates the activity of the globus pallidus, influencing the output of the basal ganglia and contributing to motor control.

Parkinson's disease is a movement disorder primarily caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.

The substantia nigra pars compacta is primarily responsible for producing dopamine, which is a crucial neurotransmitter involved in motor control and reward processing.

Deep brain stimulation is a surgical procedure that involves implanting electrodes into specific brain regions, including the basal ganglia, to modulate neuronal activity and alleviate movement symptoms.

The globus pallidus externa receives input from the subthalamic nucleus and projects to other basal ganglia components, contributing to the regulation of motor control.

Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by involuntary movements, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric disturbances. It is caused by a mutation in the huntingtin gene and is associated with dysfunction of the basal ganglia.

The putamen receives input from the cerebral cortex, which carries information about intended movements and sensory feedback.

Tremors, particularly resting tremors, are a common symptom of Parkinson's disease, resulting from the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.

The subthalamic nucleus modulates the activity of the globus pallidus, influencing the output of the basal ganglia and contributing to motor control.