Deforestation is the primary cause of land degradation, as it removes the protective layer of vegetation that helps to hold the soil in place and prevent erosion.

Open-pit mining is the most harmful to the environment, as it involves the removal of large amounts of soil and rock, which can lead to erosion, water pollution, and loss of habitat.

Restoration is the term for the process of restoring degraded land to its natural state, which can involve a variety of techniques such as reforestation, revegetation, and erosion control.

China has the highest rate of land degradation, due to a combination of factors such as deforestation, overgrazing, and mining.

Remediation is the term for the process of removing harmful substances from contaminated soil or water, which can involve a variety of techniques such as excavation, chemical treatment, and bioremediation.

Underground mining is the least harmful to the environment, as it involves the extraction of minerals from beneath the surface, which minimizes the amount of surface disturbance.

Reforestation is the term for the process of planting trees on degraded land, which can help to restore the soil and prevent erosion.

Sweden has the lowest rate of land degradation, due to a combination of factors such as strong environmental regulations, sustainable land management practices, and a relatively low population density.

Rehabilitation is the term for the process of restoring degraded land to a productive state, which can involve a variety of techniques such as reforestation, revegetation, and erosion control.

Open-pit mining involves the removal of large amounts of soil and rock, which can lead to erosion, water pollution, and loss of habitat.

Deforestation is the term for the process of removing vegetation from land, which can lead to soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and climate change.

China has the highest rate of mining, due to a combination of factors such as its large population, rapid economic growth, and abundant natural resources.

Restoration is the term for the process of restoring degraded land to its natural state, which can involve a variety of techniques such as reforestation, revegetation, and erosion control.

Norway has the lowest rate of mining, due to a combination of factors such as its small population, strong environmental regulations, and a relatively low demand for natural resources.

Rehabilitation is the term for the process of restoring degraded land to a productive state, which can involve a variety of techniques such as reforestation, revegetation, and erosion control.