Sustainable site planning and design aims to create built environments that have a minimal negative impact on the natural environment.

Impervious surfaces, such as concrete and asphalt, prevent water infiltration and increase runoff, which can lead to flooding and water pollution.

Passive solar design involves orienting buildings and windows to maximize exposure to sunlight for heating and lighting, and minimizing heat loss through insulation and shading.

Rain gardens, green roofs, and permeable pavements are all examples of sustainable stormwater management practices that help reduce runoff and improve water quality.

Native plants offer several benefits, including lower water and maintenance requirements, habitat for local wildlife, and resistance to pests and diseases.

Recycled materials may not always be as durable as new materials, but they can still offer significant environmental benefits.

Dark-sky design involves using lighting fixtures that minimize upward light pollution and direct light downward, reducing the impact on the night sky.

Sustainable transportation strategies aim to reduce reliance on private vehicles and promote alternative modes of transportation.

Urban heat island mitigation involves using strategies such as cool roofs, green infrastructure, and heat-reflective materials to reduce the temperature of urban areas.

Sustainable site planning and design practices that promote biodiversity include creating wildlife corridors, planting a variety of native plants, and reducing habitat fragmentation.

Acoustic design involves using strategies such as noise barriers, sound-absorbing materials, and proper site planning to reduce noise pollution.

Sustainable site planning and design principles generally aim to reduce traffic congestion by promoting alternative transportation modes and compact development.

Air quality design involves using strategies such as green infrastructure, low-emission vehicles, and energy-efficient building design to reduce air pollution.

Sustainable site planning and design practices that promote water conservation include using drought-tolerant plants, installing water-efficient fixtures, and harvesting rainwater.

Energy-efficient design involves using strategies such as insulation, energy-efficient appliances, and passive solar design to reduce energy consumption.