The rotation curves of galaxies show that the outer regions of galaxies rotate faster than expected based on the visible mass of the galaxy. This suggests that there is a large amount of unseen mass, or dark matter, that is responsible for the observed rotation speeds.

Dark matter is estimated to make up about 27% of the total mass-energy of the universe, while ordinary matter makes up only about 5%.

The nature of dark matter is still unknown, but it is thought to be composed of a mixture of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), axions, and primordial black holes.

Dark matter plays a crucial role in the formation and evolution of galaxies. It helps to hold galaxies together, form the spiral arms of galaxies, and regulate the star formation rate in galaxies.

Studying dark matter is challenging because it is difficult to detect directly, it is difficult to distinguish from other forms of matter, and it is difficult to model its behavior.

Future research in dark matter cosmology will focus on searching for dark matter particles in the laboratory, observing dark matter halos around galaxies, and studying the effects of dark matter on the cosmic microwave background radiation.

Aryabhata is considered the father of Indian Cosmology. He was an Indian mathematician and astronomer who lived in the 5th century CE. He is best known for his work on the heliocentric model of the solar system, which he proposed in his book, the Aryabhatiya.

Brahmagupta was an Indian astronomer and mathematician who lived in the 7th century CE. He is best known for his work on the Brahmasphuta Siddhanta, which contains a detailed exposition of the cyclical cosmology, in which the universe is seen as expanding and contracting in cycles.

Bhaskara II was an Indian astronomer and mathematician who lived in the 12th century CE. He is best known for his work on the Siddhānta Shiromani, which contains a detailed exposition of the infinite and eternal universe, in which the universe is seen as having no beginning or end.

Varāhamihira was an Indian astronomer and astrologer who lived in the 6th century CE. He is best known for his work on the Brihat Samhita, which contains a detailed exposition of the multiple universes, in which the universe is seen as being made up of an infinite number of universes.

None of the Indian astronomers mentioned above proposed the idea of a universe that is made up of dark matter. The idea of dark matter was first proposed by the Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky in the 1930s.

Meghnad Saha was an Indian astrophysicist who lived in the 20th century CE. He is considered to be the father of modern Indian astronomy. He is best known for his work on the Saha ionization equation, which is used to calculate the degree of ionization of a gas at a given temperature and pressure.

Jayant Narlikar is an Indian astrophysicist who is known for his work on the role of dark matter in the formation and evolution of galaxies. He is also known for his work on the steady state theory of the universe.

Govind Swarup was an Indian radio astronomer who is known for his work on the cosmic microwave background radiation. He is also known for his work on the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT).

J. Srinivasan is an Indian astronomer who is known for his work on the search for extraterrestrial life. He is also known for his work on the SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) program.