Immanuel Kant

David Hume

John Locke

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Beauty is inherent in nature and can be found in its raw, unadulterated form.

Beauty is a product of human perception and is imposed on nature through cultural and societal norms.

Beauty is a combination of natural and human elements, with both contributing to the aesthetic experience.

Beauty is subjective and varies from person to person, with no objective standard for what is considered beautiful.

Voltaire

Denis Diderot

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Baron d'Holbach

Reason is used to analyze and understand the beauty of nature.

Reason is used to create artificial beauty that surpasses natural beauty.

Reason is used to control and dominate nature in order to create beauty.

Reason is irrelevant to aesthetics, which is a matter of taste and personal preference.

Emphasis on the natural world as a source of beauty

Rejection of traditional artistic conventions and rules

Celebration of human reason and rationality

Preference for artificial beauty over natural beauty

Art should imitate nature as closely as possible.

Art should idealize nature and make it more perfect.

Art should be independent of nature and focus on human creativity and imagination.

Art should challenge and subvert nature, revealing its hidden meanings and complexities.

The use of symmetry and balance in art and architecture

The depiction of idealized human forms in painting and sculpture

The use of bright colors and elaborate ornamentation in design

The exploration of the irrational and subconscious in art

It led to the creation of formal gardens with geometric shapes and symmetrical patterns.

It encouraged the use of native plants and natural materials in garden design.

It emphasized the importance of creating a sense of harmony between the garden and its surroundings.

All of the above

Alexander Pope

William Hogarth

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Jacques-Louis David

It refers to the ability to appreciate beauty and make aesthetic judgments.

It is a subjective and personal quality that varies from person to person.

It can be cultivated and refined through education and experience.

All of the above

Rococo

Neoclassicism

Romanticism

Symbolism

It led to a greater emphasis on accuracy and realism in scientific illustrations.

It encouraged the use of artistic techniques to make scientific illustrations more visually appealing.

It resulted in the development of new methods for representing scientific data in visual form.

All of the above

The use of geometric shapes and symmetrical patterns

The incorporation of natural elements such as trees, flowers, and water features

The creation of vistas and focal points to draw the eye

The use of artificial elements such as statues and fountains

The picturesque refers to the appreciation of beauty in natural landscapes that are irregular, rugged, and untamed.

The picturesque is associated with the Romantic movement, which emerged in the late 18th century.

Enlightenment aesthetics rejected the picturesque, favoring instead the beauty of ordered and symmetrical landscapes.

None of the above

It led to the creation of wide boulevards and public squares.

It encouraged the use of classical architectural styles in urban design.

It resulted in the development of zoning regulations to separate different types of land uses.

All of the above