The Iliad is an ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer, describing the siege of Troy.

Achilles is the central character and greatest warrior of the Achaeans in The Iliad.

Paris, also known as Alexander, is the Trojan prince who abducted Helen of Troy.

Homer is traditionally said to be the author of both The Iliad and The Odyssey.

Penelope is Odysseus's wife who remains faithful to him throughout his long journey home.

The Art of War is an ancient Chinese military treatise attributed to Sun Tzu.

Virgil is the ancient Roman poet who wrote the epic poem Aeneid.

Scipio Africanus is the Roman general who defeated Hannibal at the Battle of Zama.

Herodotus is the ancient Greek historian known for his work The Histories.

Phalanx is the ancient Greek battle formation where soldiers stood in close ranks with shields overlapping.

Legion is the ancient Roman military unit composed of heavily armed infantry.

Zhuge Liang is the ancient Chinese military strategist and statesman known for his role in the Three Kingdoms period.

Flanking maneuver is the ancient Greek battle tactic that involved a sudden and rapid attack on an enemy's flank.

Testudo is the ancient Roman military tactic where soldiers formed a tight circle with shields overlapping to protect themselves from enemy attacks.