Species diversity encompasses both species richness (the number of species present) and species evenness (the relative abundance of each species).

While competition can influence the abundance and distribution of species within a community, it is not a primary driver of species diversity at the regional or global scale.

The Shannon-Wiener Index incorporates both species richness and evenness, making it a widely used measure of species diversity that reflects the overall structure and composition of a community.

Deserts are typically characterized by low species richness due to harsh environmental conditions and limited resources.

Speciation refers to the evolutionary process that leads to the formation of new species from existing ones.

While high species diversity can lead to increased stability and resilience, it does not necessarily result in reduced competition for resources. In fact, diverse communities often exhibit intense competition for limited resources.

Gamma diversity encompasses the species diversity across multiple habitats and ecosystems within a region or landscape.

Extinction refers to the process by which a species ceases to exist due to various factors such as habitat loss, climate change, and human activities.

While competition can influence the abundance and distribution of species, it is not a direct threat to species diversity at the global scale.

Margalef's Index is a measure of species richness that simply counts the number of species in a community.

Adaptation refers to the process by which organisms evolve traits that enhance their survival and reproduction in a particular environment.

Tropical rainforests are renowned for their exceptionally high species richness, harboring a vast array of plant and animal species.

Migration refers to the movement of individuals or populations of a species from one geographic location to another.

While high species diversity can provide various benefits, it does not necessarily reduce the vulnerability of an ecosystem to invasive species.