Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Department of Justice (DOJ)

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Civil penalties

Criminal prosecution

Administrative orders

All of the above

$25,000 per day

$50,000 per day

$75,000 per day

$100,000 per day

Civil penalties are imposed by the EPA, while criminal fines are imposed by a court.

Civil penalties are typically smaller than criminal fines.

Civil penalties do not require proof of intent, while criminal fines do.

All of the above

A legal document issued by the EPA that requires a violator to take specific actions to comply with the Clean Air Act.

A court order that requires a violator to pay a civil penalty.

A document that outlines the EPA's enforcement priorities for a particular year.

A document that summarizes the EPA's findings after an investigation of a potential violation.

The violator did not know that they were violating the Clean Air Act.

The violator was acting in good faith.

The violator was unable to comply with the Clean Air Act due to circumstances beyond their control.

All of the above

Citizen suits allow private citizens to sue violators of the Clean Air Act.

Citizen suits can be used to enforce any provision of the Clean Air Act.

Citizen suits are only available to citizens who live in the area where the violation occurred.

All of the above

The complexity of the Clean Air Act.

The large number of sources of air pollution.

The limited resources available to the EPA.

All of the above

An increase in the number of citizen suits.

An increase in the number of criminal prosecutions.

An increase in the use of administrative orders.

All of the above

The increasing complexity of air pollution sources.

The increasing number of air pollution sources.

The limited resources available to the EPA.

All of the above

State and local governments can enforce the Clean Air Act on their own.

State and local governments can enforce the Clean Air Act only if the EPA delegates authority to them.

State and local governments cannot enforce the Clean Air Act.

None of the above

The complexity of the Clean Air Act.

The limited resources available to state and local governments.

The lack of cooperation from the EPA.

All of the above

An increase in the number of state and local air pollution laws.

An increase in the number of state and local air pollution regulations.

An increase in the number of state and local air pollution enforcement actions.

All of the above

The increasing complexity of air pollution sources.

The increasing number of air pollution sources.

The limited resources available to state and local governments.

All of the above

Coordinating enforcement efforts between the EPA, state and local governments, and citizen groups.

Focusing on the most serious violations.

Using a variety of enforcement tools.

All of the above