The Correspondence Theory of Truth states that the truth of a statement is determined by its correspondence to reality. In other words, a statement is true if it accurately reflects the way things are in the world.

The Coherence Theory of Truth states that the truth of a statement is determined by its coherence with other beliefs. In other words, a statement is true if it is consistent with our existing knowledge and beliefs.

The Pragmatic Theory of Truth emphasizes the practical consequences of a statement as the primary criterion for its truth. In other words, a statement is true if it has beneficial practical consequences.

The Deflationary Theory of Truth argues that truth is not a property of statements, but rather a property of sentences. In other words, truth is not a property of what is said, but rather a property of the way in which something is said.

Truth and falsity are mutually exclusive and exhaustive, meaning that a statement can be either true or false, but not both at the same time. Additionally, every statement is either true or false, there is no middle ground.

Logical Positivism is a philosophical school of thought that emphasizes the importance of language in understanding truth and falsity. Logical Positivists argue that the meaning of a statement is determined by its verification, and that statements that cannot be verified are meaningless.

The Paradox of the Liar is a statement that asserts its own falsity. It is a paradox because it leads to a contradiction: if the statement is true, then it must be false, and if it is false, then it must be true.

One of the main arguments against the Correspondence Theory of Truth is that the correspondence between a statement and reality is impossible to verify. This is because we can never be certain that our understanding of reality is complete and accurate.

One of the main arguments against the Coherence Theory of Truth is that the coherence of a statement with other beliefs is subjective and personal. This means that what is considered coherent by one person may not be considered coherent by another.

One of the main arguments against the Pragmatic Theory of Truth is that the practical consequences of a statement are subjective and personal. This means that what is considered beneficial by one person may not be considered beneficial by another.

One of the main arguments against the Deflationary Theory of Truth is that it is too simplistic. Critics argue that the theory does not provide a satisfactory account of the nature of truth and its relationship to other concepts such as knowledge and belief.

Aristotle is most closely associated with the Correspondence Theory of Truth. He argued that truth is a correspondence between a statement and reality.

F.H. Bradley is most closely associated with the Coherence Theory of Truth. He argued that truth is a coherence between a statement and other beliefs.

William James is most closely associated with the Pragmatic Theory of Truth. He argued that truth is a matter of practical consequences.

Ludwig Wittgenstein is most closely associated with the Deflationary Theory of Truth. He argued that truth is not a property of statements, but rather a property of sentences.