Biodiversity refers to the entire spectrum of life on Earth, encompassing the variety of species, the genetic diversity within each species, and the complex interactions between species and their environment.

Biodiversity contributes to human health in multiple ways, including providing essential resources like food, water, and shelter; regulating climate and air quality; and offering a vast array of medicines and other natural products.

Climate change is a global phenomenon primarily driven by human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels. While biodiversity can play a role in mitigating climate change through carbon sequestration and other processes, it is not considered a direct ecosystem service.

Extinction refers to the disappearance of a species from the Earth. It is the ultimate consequence of biodiversity loss and can have far-reaching impacts on ecosystems and human well-being.

Habitat destruction, primarily driven by human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and agriculture, is the leading cause of biodiversity loss. It fragments and degrades natural habitats, making them unsuitable for many species.

Symbiosis refers to the close and often long-term biological interactions between different species. These interactions can be mutually beneficial, harmful, or neutral, and they play a crucial role in maintaining the structure and function of ecosystems.

Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the interaction. For example, bees pollinate flowers, helping the plants reproduce, while the bees obtain nectar and pollen for food.

Sustainability refers to the practice of using and managing natural resources in a way that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Sustainable development aims to balance economic growth with social equity and environmental protection. Therefore, growth alone is not a principle of sustainable development.

Habitat conservation involves protecting natural habitats from degradation and destruction. It is a key strategy for conserving biodiversity and maintaining the integrity of ecosystems.

Introducing non-native species can disrupt ecosystems and threaten native biodiversity. It is generally not considered a method of habitat conservation.

Habitat restoration involves actively restoring degraded habitats to their natural state. It can involve planting native vegetation, removing invasive species, and improving water quality.

Habitat restoration aims to improve the condition of degraded habitats and enhance their ecological functions. It does not directly lead to increased pollution.

Mitigation refers to actions taken to reduce or eliminate the negative impacts of human activities on biodiversity. It can involve measures such as reducing pollution, promoting sustainable land use practices, and protecting natural habitats.

Introducing non-native species can disrupt ecosystems and threaten native biodiversity. It is generally not considered a mitigation strategy for biodiversity conservation.