Formalism in art emphasizes the importance of the formal elements of an artwork, such as line, shape, color, and composition, rather than its subject matter or narrative content.

Wassily Kandinsky is widely regarded as one of the pioneers of abstract art, having created some of the first purely abstract paintings in the early 20th century.

Figurative abstraction is a type of abstract art that uses abstract forms to represent real-world objects or concepts, often in a simplified or distorted manner.

Cubism, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, is an art movement that uses geometric shapes and forms to break down objects and represent them from multiple perspectives.

Color field painting is a type of abstract art that emphasizes the use of color as the primary visual element, often in large, flat areas of color.

Donald Judd, Carl Andre, Dan Flavin, and Sol LeWitt are all prominent artists associated with the minimalist movement, known for their sculptures and installations that emphasize simplicity, geometric forms, and the use of industrial materials.

Aleatoric art is a type of art that incorporates chance or random elements into its creation, often through the use of dice, coin flips, or other unpredictable methods.

Op art, short for optical art, is an art movement that uses optical illusions and perceptual effects to create visually striking and often disorienting artworks.

Impasto is a technique in painting where thick layers of paint are applied to the canvas, creating a textured and sculptural effect.

Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Mark Rothko, and Arshile Gorky are all prominent artists associated with abstract expressionism, known for their energetic and emotionally charged paintings.

Assemblage is a type of art that incorporates found objects or everyday materials into its composition, often in a three-dimensional or sculptural manner.

Minimalism is an art movement that emphasizes simplicity, geometric forms, and the use of repetitive and often modular elements.

Aleatoric art is a type of art that incorporates chance or random elements into its creation, often through the use of dice, coin flips, or other unpredictable methods.

Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Robert Smithson, Walter De Maria, and James Turrell are all prominent artists associated with environmental art, known for their large-scale projects that engage with the natural world.

Performance art is a type of art that is created through a process of performance or action, often involving the artist's body or the participation of the audience.