Ethics in Experimental Psychology

Description: Ethics in Experimental Psychology Quiz
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: experimental psychology research ethics informed consent confidentiality debriefing
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What is the primary ethical principle that guides research involving human participants?

  1. Beneficence

  2. Non-maleficence

  3. Autonomy

  4. Justice


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The principle of autonomy emphasizes the right of individuals to make informed decisions about their participation in research studies.

What is the purpose of obtaining informed consent from research participants?

  1. To ensure that participants are aware of the risks and benefits of the study.

  2. To protect the researcher from legal liability.

  3. To comply with institutional review board (IRB) regulations.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Informed consent serves multiple purposes, including informing participants about the study, protecting researchers from liability, and complying with IRB regulations.

Which of the following is not a key element of informed consent?

  1. A clear explanation of the study's purpose and procedures.

  2. A statement that participation is voluntary and can be withdrawn at any time.

  3. A guarantee of confidentiality.

  4. A request for the participant's signature.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

While confidentiality is often a goal in research, it cannot always be guaranteed. Researchers should inform participants about the limits of confidentiality before obtaining consent.

What is the researcher's responsibility regarding the confidentiality of participant data?

  1. To keep all data confidential, regardless of the circumstances.

  2. To disclose data only with the participant's consent.

  3. To disclose data only to authorized personnel.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Researchers have a responsibility to protect the confidentiality of participant data by keeping it secure, disclosing it only with consent or to authorized personnel, and following any applicable laws or regulations.

What is the purpose of debriefing participants after an experiment?

  1. To provide participants with information about the study's results.

  2. To answer any questions that participants may have.

  3. To correct any misconceptions that participants may have about the study.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Debriefing serves multiple purposes, including providing participants with information about the study's results, answering their questions, and correcting any misconceptions they may have.

Which of the following is an example of a deceptive research study?

  1. A study in which participants are told that they are receiving a new drug when they are actually receiving a placebo.

  2. A study in which participants are not told the true purpose of the study.

  3. A study in which participants are not given the opportunity to withdraw from the study.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Deceptive research studies involve misleading or withholding information from participants, such as not disclosing the true purpose of the study or using placebos without participants' knowledge.

What are the potential risks of deception in research?

  1. Participants may feel betrayed or violated.

  2. Participants may lose trust in researchers.

  3. Participants may be less likely to participate in future research studies.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Deception in research can have negative consequences for participants, including feelings of betrayal, loss of trust, and reduced willingness to participate in future studies.

When is it ethically permissible to use deception in research?

  1. When the potential benefits of the study outweigh the risks.

  2. When there is no other way to obtain the necessary data.

  3. When participants are fully informed about the deception and consent to participate.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Deception in research is generally considered to be unethical, regardless of the potential benefits or the lack of alternatives. Researchers should strive to use methods that are both ethical and scientifically sound.

What is the role of institutional review boards (IRBs) in research ethics?

  1. To review and approve research proposals.

  2. To ensure that research studies are conducted ethically.

  3. To protect the rights and welfare of research participants.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

IRBs play a crucial role in research ethics by reviewing and approving research proposals, ensuring that studies are conducted ethically, and protecting the rights and welfare of participants.

What are some of the ethical challenges that researchers may face in conducting experimental psychology studies?

  1. The potential for deception or coercion of participants.

  2. The risk of causing psychological harm to participants.

  3. The need to balance the rights of participants with the need for scientific knowledge.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Researchers in experimental psychology may face a variety of ethical challenges, including the potential for deception or coercion of participants, the risk of causing psychological harm, and the need to balance the rights of participants with the need for scientific knowledge.

How can researchers minimize the risks of deception in research?

  1. By using deception only when it is absolutely necessary.

  2. By fully informing participants about the deception and obtaining their consent.

  3. By debriefing participants after the study and providing them with an opportunity to withdraw their data.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Researchers can minimize the risks of deception in research by using deception only when necessary, fully informing participants and obtaining their consent, and debriefing participants after the study.

What are some of the ethical considerations that researchers should keep in mind when conducting research with vulnerable populations?

  1. The need to obtain informed consent from participants or their legal guardians.

  2. The importance of protecting participants from harm or exploitation.

  3. The need to be sensitive to cultural and individual differences.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Researchers should consider several ethical factors when conducting research with vulnerable populations, including the need for informed consent, the importance of protecting participants from harm or exploitation, and the need to be sensitive to cultural and individual differences.

What is the researcher's responsibility to participants after the completion of a study?

  1. To provide participants with a copy of the study results.

  2. To answer any questions that participants may have about the study.

  3. To ensure that participants have access to any necessary support services.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Researchers have a responsibility to participants after the completion of a study to provide them with a copy of the study results, answer their questions, and ensure that they have access to any necessary support services.

What are some of the ethical challenges that researchers may face in conducting online research?

  1. The difficulty in obtaining informed consent from participants.

  2. The risk of participants being deceived or exploited.

  3. The need to protect participants' privacy and confidentiality.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Researchers conducting online research may face several ethical challenges, including the difficulty in obtaining informed consent, the risk of participants being deceived or exploited, and the need to protect participants' privacy and confidentiality.

How can researchers ensure that participants' privacy and confidentiality are protected in online research?

  1. By using secure data collection and storage methods.

  2. By obtaining participants' consent to use their data for research purposes.

  3. By anonymizing data whenever possible.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Researchers can protect participants' privacy and confidentiality in online research by using secure data collection and storage methods, obtaining participants' consent to use their data, and anonymizing data whenever possible.

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