The principle of autonomy emphasizes the right of individuals to make informed decisions about their participation in research studies.

Informed consent serves multiple purposes, including informing participants about the study, protecting researchers from liability, and complying with IRB regulations.

While confidentiality is often a goal in research, it cannot always be guaranteed. Researchers should inform participants about the limits of confidentiality before obtaining consent.

Researchers have a responsibility to protect the confidentiality of participant data by keeping it secure, disclosing it only with consent or to authorized personnel, and following any applicable laws or regulations.

Debriefing serves multiple purposes, including providing participants with information about the study's results, answering their questions, and correcting any misconceptions they may have.

Deceptive research studies involve misleading or withholding information from participants, such as not disclosing the true purpose of the study or using placebos without participants' knowledge.

Deception in research can have negative consequences for participants, including feelings of betrayal, loss of trust, and reduced willingness to participate in future studies.

Deception in research is generally considered to be unethical, regardless of the potential benefits or the lack of alternatives. Researchers should strive to use methods that are both ethical and scientifically sound.

IRBs play a crucial role in research ethics by reviewing and approving research proposals, ensuring that studies are conducted ethically, and protecting the rights and welfare of participants.

Researchers in experimental psychology may face a variety of ethical challenges, including the potential for deception or coercion of participants, the risk of causing psychological harm, and the need to balance the rights of participants with the need for scientific knowledge.

Researchers can minimize the risks of deception in research by using deception only when necessary, fully informing participants and obtaining their consent, and debriefing participants after the study.

Researchers should consider several ethical factors when conducting research with vulnerable populations, including the need for informed consent, the importance of protecting participants from harm or exploitation, and the need to be sensitive to cultural and individual differences.

Researchers have a responsibility to participants after the completion of a study to provide them with a copy of the study results, answer their questions, and ensure that they have access to any necessary support services.

Researchers conducting online research may face several ethical challenges, including the difficulty in obtaining informed consent, the risk of participants being deceived or exploited, and the need to protect participants' privacy and confidentiality.

Researchers can protect participants' privacy and confidentiality in online research by using secure data collection and storage methods, obtaining participants' consent to use their data, and anonymizing data whenever possible.