Visual illusions involve distortions or misperceptions of visual information, such as the bending of a straight line in water due to refraction.

The Müller-Lyer illusion is a visual illusion where two lines of equal length appear to be different lengths due to the direction of the arrowheads at their ends.

Illusory correlation is a cognitive illusion where people perceive a relationship between two events that are not causally linked, often due to coincidental occurrences or selective attention.

Chronostasis is a cognitive illusion where a person's perception of time is distorted, often during moments of intense emotion or danger, causing them to experience a subjective slowing down or speeding up of time.

Phantom sounds, also known as auditory hallucinations, are auditory illusions where a person perceives a sound that does not have an external source.

The autokinetic effect is a visual illusion where a stationary point of light in a dark environment appears to move due to the involuntary movements of the eyes.

Optimism bias is a cognitive illusion where people tend to believe that they are less likely to experience negative events and more likely to experience positive events than others.

Pareidolia is a cognitive illusion where people perceive meaningful images or patterns in random or ambiguous stimuli, such as seeing faces in clouds or patterns in tea leaves.

The size-weight illusion is a visual illusion where a heavier object appears to be larger than a lighter object of the same size.

Semantic priming is a cognitive illusion where the meaning or context associated with a word or concept influences the perception of related words or concepts, making them seem more familiar or easier to process.

Motion parallax is a visual illusion where a stationary object appears to move due to the relative motion of the background, such as when looking out the window of a moving car.

The mere exposure effect is a cognitive illusion where people tend to develop a preference for stimuli that they are repeatedly exposed to, even if they were initially neutral or negative.

The availability heuristic is a cognitive illusion where people tend to judge the likelihood of an event based on how easily they can recall instances of that event, rather than on objective data.

The framing effect is a cognitive illusion where people's preferences and decisions can be influenced by the way information is presented, such as whether it is framed in a positive or negative light.