To determine the level of language proficiency of a test taker.

To provide feedback to test takers on their strengths and weaknesses.

To help test takers improve their language skills.

To all of the above.

Norm-referenced interpretation.

Criterion-referenced interpretation.

Ipsative interpretation.

All of the above.

A type of interpretation that compares a test taker's performance to the performance of other test takers.

A type of interpretation that compares a test taker's performance to a predetermined standard.

A type of interpretation that compares a test taker's performance to their own previous performance.

None of the above.

A type of interpretation that compares a test taker's performance to a predetermined standard.

A type of interpretation that compares a test taker's performance to the performance of other test takers.

A type of interpretation that compares a test taker's performance to their own previous performance.

None of the above.

A type of interpretation that compares a test taker's performance to their own previous performance.

A type of interpretation that compares a test taker's performance to the performance of other test takers.

A type of interpretation that compares a test taker's performance to a predetermined standard.

None of the above.

The difficulty of defining language proficiency.

The lack of standardized testing procedures.

The influence of cultural factors on test performance.

All of the above.

By developing more rigorous testing procedures.

By using more authentic assessment tasks.

By taking into account the cultural background of test takers.

All of the above.

The need to protect the privacy of test takers.

The need to ensure that tests are fair and unbiased.

The need to avoid causing harm to test takers.

All of the above.

Using multiple sources of evidence to make interpretations.

Considering the context in which the test was taken.

Consulting with experts in the field of language testing.

All of the above.

The development of more sophisticated statistical models for interpreting test scores.

The use of artificial intelligence to assist with interpretation.

The development of new methods for assessing language proficiency.

All of the above.