Naturalism, a literary movement that emerged in the late 19th century, emphasizes the depiction of everyday life and the influence of environment and heredity on human behavior.

Premchand, considered one of the greatest Hindi writers, is known for his poignant portrayal of social injustices and his commitment to social realism.

In 'The God of Small Things,' Arundhati Roy delves into the impact of a dam project on the lives of local communities and the environment, highlighting the tensions between development and conservation.

Jhumpa Lahiri's writing frequently examines the experiences of immigrants and their struggles to navigate cultural and geographical boundaries, exploring themes of identity, displacement, and belonging.

Modernism, a significant literary movement in India, emerged after independence and challenged conventional storytelling techniques, embracing experimentation and new forms of expression.

Salman Rushdie's writing often incorporates magical realism, seamlessly merging elements of myth, folklore, and historical events to create a unique and captivating narrative style.

Vikram Seth's 'A Suitable Boy' follows the lives of four friends as they navigate issues of love, marriage, and social change in post-independence India.

Mahasweta Devi's writing frequently centers around the struggles and experiences of marginalized communities, addressing issues of social justice, equality, and the rights of the oppressed.

Aravind Adiga's 'The White Tiger' is a satirical novel that exposes the corruption and moral decay within the Indian society, particularly among the wealthy and powerful.

Anita Desai's writing often delves into the lives of women in Indian society, exploring issues of gender, sexuality, and the challenges they face in a patriarchal culture.

Amitav Ghosh's 'The Hungry Tide' examines the effects of climate change and environmental degradation on the lives of coastal communities in India, highlighting the urgent need for action to protect the environment.

Khushwant Singh's writing frequently delves into historical events and their lasting impact on contemporary Indian society, shedding light on the complexities of the nation's past.

R.K. Narayan's 'The English Teacher' follows the life of an English teacher in a small Indian town, capturing the humorous and poignant aspects of his struggles with bureaucracy and societal expectations.

Rabindranath Tagore's writing often delves into the themes of love, loss, and the intricate web of human relationships, capturing the emotional depth and complexities of the human experience.

Mulk Raj Anand's 'Coolie' vividly portrays the lives of laborers in India, highlighting the exploitation and hardships they face amidst the backdrop of industrialization.