To ensure that government actions comply with the constitution.

To protect the rights of citizens.

To resolve disputes between different branches of government.

To interpret laws and regulations.

United States

United Kingdom

Canada

Australia

The principle of following precedent.

The principle of interpreting laws strictly.

The principle of judicial review.

The principle of separation of powers.

Judicial review is conducted by courts, while legislative review is conducted by legislatures.

Judicial review is conducted by courts, while legislative review is conducted by the executive branch.

Judicial review is conducted by the executive branch, while legislative review is conducted by legislatures.

Judicial review is conducted by the executive branch, while legislative review is conducted by courts.

The principle that the three branches of government should be separate and independent.

The principle that the three branches of government should work together in harmony.

The principle that the three branches of government should be subordinate to each other.

The principle that the three branches of government should be equal in power.

Judicial review ensures that government actions do not violate the rights of individuals.

Judicial review ensures that government actions are in accordance with the constitution.

Judicial review ensures that government actions are fair and just.

Judicial review ensures that government actions are efficient and effective.

Judicial review can only be used to review actions of the government.

Judicial review can only be used to review actions of the legislative branch.

Judicial review can only be used to review actions of the executive branch.

Judicial review can only be used to review actions of the judicial branch.

Judicial review is the power of courts to review and declare unconstitutional or unlawful the actions of the government, while judicial activism is the power of courts to create new laws.

Judicial review is the power of courts to review and declare unconstitutional or unlawful the actions of the government, while judicial activism is the power of courts to interpret laws in a way that favors a particular outcome.

Judicial review is the power of courts to review and declare unconstitutional or unlawful the actions of the government, while judicial activism is the power of courts to overturn the actions of the executive branch.

Judicial review is the power of courts to review and declare unconstitutional or unlawful the actions of the government, while judicial activism is the power of courts to overturn the actions of the legislative branch.

Judicial review helps to protect individual rights.

Judicial review helps to ensure that the government acts in accordance with the constitution.

Judicial review helps to prevent the government from becoming too powerful.

All of the above.

Judicial review gives too much power to the courts.

Judicial review can lead to gridlock in government.

Judicial review can be used to overturn democratically elected laws.

All of the above.

Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)

Golaknath v. State of Punjab (1967)

Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980)

Shankari Prasad v. Union of India (1951)

The doctrine that certain fundamental features of the constitution cannot be amended.

The doctrine that the constitution must be interpreted in a way that is consistent with its basic structure.

The doctrine that the courts have the power to strike down laws that violate the basic structure of the constitution.

All of the above.

Prospective overruling applies to cases that arise after the decision is made, while retrospective overruling applies to cases that arose before the decision is made.

Prospective overruling applies to cases that are currently pending before the court, while retrospective overruling applies to cases that have already been decided.

Prospective overruling applies to cases that involve new laws, while retrospective overruling applies to cases that involve old laws.

Prospective overruling applies to cases that are brought by the government, while retrospective overruling applies to cases that are brought by private individuals.

Judicial review is conducted by courts, while administrative review is conducted by administrative agencies.

Judicial review is conducted by courts, while administrative review is conducted by the executive branch.

Judicial review is conducted by the executive branch, while administrative review is conducted by administrative agencies.

Judicial review is conducted by the executive branch, while administrative review is conducted by courts.