C. V. Raman was the first Indian scientist to receive the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his discovery of the Raman effect.

Homi J. Bhabha is known as the 'father of the Indian nuclear program'. He was the first director of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) and played a key role in the development of India's nuclear weapons program.

Satyendra Nath Bose is known for his work on the Bose-Einstein condensate, a state of matter in which separate atoms are cooled to near absolute zero (-273.15 °C or -459.67 °F).

Meghnad Saha is known for his work on the Saha equation, which describes the ionization of atoms and molecules in a gas.

Srinivasa Ramanujan is known for his work on the Ramanujan conjecture, a statement about the distribution of prime numbers.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar is known for his work on the Navier-Stokes equations, which describe the motion of fluids.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar is known for his work on the Chandrasekhar limit, which is the maximum mass of a white dwarf star.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar is known for his work on the black hole theory, which describes the behavior of matter and energy in the vicinity of a black hole.

George Smoot is known for his work on the cosmic microwave background, which is the leftover radiation from the Big Bang.

Peter Higgs is known for his work on the Higgs boson, which is a subatomic particle that gives mass to other particles.

Takaaki Kajita is known for his work on the neutrino, which is a subatomic particle that has no electric charge and very little mass.

Rainer Weiss is known for his work on the gravitational wave, which is a ripple in spacetime that is caused by the acceleration of a massive object.

Saul Perlmutter is known for his work on the dark energy, which is a mysterious force that is causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate.

Vera Rubin is known for her work on the dark matter, which is a mysterious substance that makes up about 27% of the universe.