The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, is the primary international agreement that sets out a global framework for climate change mitigation and adaptation.

A patent is an intellectual property right that grants the inventor exclusive rights to make, use, sell, or license their invention for a specified period of time.

Patents can contribute to climate change mitigation by protecting inventions that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, incentivizing innovation in clean energy technologies, and facilitating the transfer of climate-friendly technologies to developing countries.

In most countries, the term of a patent is 20 years from the date of filing the patent application.

Copyright law serves multiple purposes, including protecting the rights of authors and creators of original works, promoting the dissemination of knowledge and culture, and preventing unauthorized copying and distribution of creative works.

Copyright law can be used to address climate change by protecting creative works that raise awareness about climate change, incentivizing the creation of educational materials on climate change, and facilitating the sharing of scientific research on climate change.

A trademark is an intellectual property right that protects distinctive signs, such as brand names, logos, and slogans, from unauthorized use by others.

Trademarks can contribute to climate change mitigation by protecting the reputation of companies that produce climate-friendly products, incentivizing companies to adopt sustainable business practices, and facilitating the marketing and promotion of climate-friendly products.

In most countries, the term of a trademark is indefinite, provided that the trademark is used and renewed periodically.

Trade secret law serves multiple purposes, including protecting confidential information that gives a business a competitive advantage, preventing the unauthorized use or disclosure of confidential information, and incentivizing businesses to invest in research and development.

Trade secret law can be used to address climate change by protecting confidential information related to climate-friendly technologies, incentivizing businesses to develop and commercialize climate-friendly technologies, and facilitating the transfer of climate-friendly technologies to developing countries.

The main challenge in balancing intellectual property rights and climate change mitigation is to ensure that intellectual property rights do not hinder the development and dissemination of climate-friendly technologies, to strike a balance between the rights of innovators and the need for affordable access to climate-friendly technologies, and to address the concerns of developing countries that intellectual property rights may limit their access to climate-friendly technologies.

International organizations play a crucial role in addressing the intersection of intellectual property and climate change by facilitating negotiations on international agreements, providing technical assistance and capacity building to developing countries, and promoting the development and dissemination of climate-friendly technologies through intellectual property mechanisms.

The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is responsible for administering the Patent Cooperation Treaty, which provides a streamlined process for filing patent applications in multiple countries.

The main objective of the Technology Mechanism established under the Paris Agreement is to promote the development and transfer of environmentally sound technologies for climate change mitigation and adaptation, to facilitate the deployment and diffusion of climate-friendly technologies, and to provide financial and technical support to developing countries for the implementation of climate-friendly technologies.