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Propositional Logic: Logical Arguments and Inductive Validity

Description: This quiz covers the basics of propositional logic, including logical arguments and inductive validity.
Number of Questions: 12
Created by:
Tags: propositional logic logical arguments inductive validity
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Which of the following is a valid logical argument?

  1. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. It is raining. Therefore, the ground is wet.

  2. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. The ground is not wet. Therefore, it is not raining.

  3. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. It is not raining. Therefore, the ground is not wet.

  4. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. It is raining and the ground is wet. Therefore, the argument is valid.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This is a valid logical argument because the conclusion follows logically from the premises. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. It is raining. Therefore, the ground is wet.

Which of the following is an example of an inductive argument?

  1. All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

  2. The sun has risen every day for the past 10,000 years. Therefore, the sun will rise tomorrow.

  3. I have seen a black swan. Therefore, all swans are black.

  4. The grass is green. The sky is blue. Therefore, the world is a beautiful place.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is an example of an inductive argument because it uses evidence from the past to make a generalization about the future. The sun has risen every day for the past 10,000 years. Therefore, the sun will rise tomorrow.

Which of the following is a fallacy?

  1. Affirming the consequent

  2. Denying the antecedent

  3. Modus ponens

  4. Modus tollens

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Affirming the consequent is a fallacy because it does not guarantee that the conclusion is true. For example, if we have the premise "If it is raining, then the ground is wet" and the consequent "The ground is wet", we cannot conclude that it is raining.

Which of the following is a valid logical argument?

  1. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. It is raining. Therefore, the ground is wet.

  2. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. The ground is not wet. Therefore, it is not raining.

  3. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. It is not raining. Therefore, the ground is not wet.

  4. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. It is raining and the ground is wet. Therefore, the argument is valid.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This is a valid logical argument because the conclusion follows logically from the premises. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. It is raining. Therefore, the ground is wet.

Which of the following is an example of an inductive argument?

  1. All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

  2. The sun has risen every day for the past 10,000 years. Therefore, the sun will rise tomorrow.

  3. I have seen a black swan. Therefore, all swans are black.

  4. The grass is green. The sky is blue. Therefore, the world is a beautiful place.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is an example of an inductive argument because it uses evidence from the past to make a generalization about the future. The sun has risen every day for the past 10,000 years. Therefore, the sun will rise tomorrow.

Which of the following is a fallacy?

  1. Affirming the consequent

  2. Denying the antecedent

  3. Modus ponens

  4. Modus tollens

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Affirming the consequent is a fallacy because it does not guarantee that the conclusion is true. For example, if we have the premise "If it is raining, then the ground is wet" and the consequent "The ground is wet", we cannot conclude that it is raining.

Which of the following is a valid logical argument?

  1. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. It is raining. Therefore, the ground is wet.

  2. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. The ground is not wet. Therefore, it is not raining.

  3. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. It is not raining. Therefore, the ground is not wet.

  4. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. It is raining and the ground is wet. Therefore, the argument is valid.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This is a valid logical argument because the conclusion follows logically from the premises. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. It is raining. Therefore, the ground is wet.

Which of the following is an example of an inductive argument?

  1. All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

  2. The sun has risen every day for the past 10,000 years. Therefore, the sun will rise tomorrow.

  3. I have seen a black swan. Therefore, all swans are black.

  4. The grass is green. The sky is blue. Therefore, the world is a beautiful place.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is an example of an inductive argument because it uses evidence from the past to make a generalization about the future. The sun has risen every day for the past 10,000 years. Therefore, the sun will rise tomorrow.

Which of the following is a fallacy?

  1. Affirming the consequent

  2. Denying the antecedent

  3. Modus ponens

  4. Modus tollens

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Affirming the consequent is a fallacy because it does not guarantee that the conclusion is true. For example, if we have the premise "If it is raining, then the ground is wet" and the consequent "The ground is wet", we cannot conclude that it is raining.

Which of the following is a valid logical argument?

  1. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. It is raining. Therefore, the ground is wet.

  2. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. The ground is not wet. Therefore, it is not raining.

  3. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. It is not raining. Therefore, the ground is not wet.

  4. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. It is raining and the ground is wet. Therefore, the argument is valid.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This is a valid logical argument because the conclusion follows logically from the premises. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. It is raining. Therefore, the ground is wet.

Which of the following is an example of an inductive argument?

  1. All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

  2. The sun has risen every day for the past 10,000 years. Therefore, the sun will rise tomorrow.

  3. I have seen a black swan. Therefore, all swans are black.

  4. The grass is green. The sky is blue. Therefore, the world is a beautiful place.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is an example of an inductive argument because it uses evidence from the past to make a generalization about the future. The sun has risen every day for the past 10,000 years. Therefore, the sun will rise tomorrow.

Which of the following is a fallacy?

  1. Affirming the consequent

  2. Denying the antecedent

  3. Modus ponens

  4. Modus tollens

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Affirming the consequent is a fallacy because it does not guarantee that the conclusion is true. For example, if we have the premise "If it is raining, then the ground is wet" and the consequent "The ground is wet", we cannot conclude that it is raining.

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