Feudalism was founded on the principle of mutual protection and loyalty between lords and vassals, with vassals providing military service and other obligations in exchange for land and protection.

The king was the highest-ranking person in the feudal hierarchy, followed by lords, vassals, and serfs.

Vassals were required to provide military service, financial payments, and labor on the lord's land as part of their feudal obligations.

Lords were obligated to protect and support their vassals, grant them land, and provide justice within their fiefdoms.

A fief was the land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for feudal obligations.

Agriculture was the primary economic activity in feudal society, with most people working on manors to produce food and other goods.

Serfs were the lowest social class in feudal society, bound to the land and required to work on the lord's manor.

Serfdom was the legal and economic relationship between a lord and a serf, in which the serf was bound to the land and required to work on the lord's manor.

Manors were self-sufficient economic units that produced food and other goods, provided housing for the lord and his family, and served as centers of justice and administration.

The primary role of the Church in feudal society was to provide spiritual guidance and moral instruction to the people.

The rise of trade and commerce, the growth of cities, and the development of new military technologies all contributed to the decline of feudalism.

Feudalism left a lasting legacy, including the development of representative government, the rise of nation-states, and the establishment of the rule of law.

The Hundred Years' War was primarily caused by a dispute over the English throne between the English and French royal families.

The Hundred Years' War ended with the French gaining control of England and expelling the English from the country.

The Black Death caused a decline in the population, led to an increase in the power of the Church, and resulted in the end of serfdom.