Weathering is the process by which rocks and minerals are broken down into smaller particles, forming the basis of soil.

The B horizon, also known as the subsoil, is characterized by the accumulation of clay, iron, and aluminum oxides, giving it a denser and more compact structure.

Organic matter plays multiple roles in soil, including providing nutrients for plants, improving soil structure, retaining water, and supporting microbial activity.

Loam soil is considered to have an ideal balance of sand, silt, and clay, providing good drainage, water retention, and nutrient availability for plant growth.

Decomposition is the process by which microorganisms break down organic matter into simpler compounds, releasing nutrients back into the soil.

Lime is commonly used as a soil amendment to increase soil pH and reduce acidity, making it more suitable for plant growth.

Nitrogen is primarily responsible for stimulating leaf growth and development in plants.

Contour plowing, crop rotation, mulching, and terracing are all soil management practices that aim to reduce soil erosion and conserve soil moisture.

Fertilization is the process of adding nutrients to soil to enhance crop growth and yield.

Clayey soil has a high water-holding capacity and poor drainage due to its fine texture and tightly packed particles.

Nitrogen fixation is the process by which atmospheric nitrogen is converted into a form usable by plants, typically carried out by certain bacteria and archaea.

Crop rotation is a soil management practice that involves rotating different crops on the same land in a sequential manner to maintain soil fertility and reduce pest and disease problems.

Phosphorus is primarily responsible for promoting root development and overall plant growth.

Sandy soil has a coarse texture, low water-holding capacity, and rapid drainage due to its large particle size and loose structure.

Ammonification is the process by which organic nitrogen is converted into a form usable by plants, typically carried out by certain bacteria and fungi.