Vygotsky believed that cognitive development is primarily driven by social interaction, particularly with more knowledgeable others.

The zone of proximal development is the range of tasks that a child cannot yet do independently but can do with the help of a more knowledgeable other.

Scaffolding is the process by which a more knowledgeable other provides support and guidance to a child, gradually reducing their assistance as the child becomes more competent.

Intersubjectivity is the shared understanding and knowledge that exists between individuals in a social group.

Vygotsky believed that language serves all of these functions and is essential for cognitive development.

Modeling is the process by which children learn through observation and imitation of others.

Vygotsky believed that culture plays a significant role in cognitive development by providing children with the tools, resources, values, beliefs, and language they need to learn.

Enculturation is the process by which children internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of their culture.

Vygotsky believed that play serves all of these functions and is essential for cognitive development.

Collaborative learning is the process by which children learn through collaboration with others.

Vygotsky believed that teachers play a critical role in cognitive development by providing children with information and knowledge, facilitating social interaction and collaboration, and creating a supportive and nurturing learning environment.

Discovery learning is the process by which children learn through active exploration and manipulation of their environment.

Vygotsky believed that assessment plays a critical role in cognitive development by measuring children's progress and achievement, providing feedback to children and teachers, and identifying children who need additional support.

Situated learning is the process by which children learn through participation in meaningful activities.

Vygotsky believed that the primary goal of education is to help children develop their full potential, prepare them for the future, and promote social justice and equality.