Confucius, a Chinese philosopher and teacher, is credited with founding Confucianism.

Ren, often translated as benevolence or humaneness, is the central concept of Confucianism, emphasizing the importance of moral behavior and social harmony.

Laozi, the founder of Taoism, advocated for wu wei, a concept emphasizing non-action and following the natural flow of the universe.

Taoism seeks to attain enlightenment, a state of harmony with the natural order of the universe, through practices such as meditation and wu wei.

Han Feizi was a prominent Legalist philosopher who advocated for strict laws and centralized authority as the means to maintain order and stability in society.

Legalism emphasizes the use of harsh punishments as a deterrent to crime and a means to maintain social order.

Zhuangzi, a Taoist philosopher, stressed the significance of self-cultivation, inner peace, and living in harmony with nature.

Yin and yang, representing the opposing forces of nature, is a fundamental concept in Taoism, symbolizing the balance and harmony of the universe.

Xunzi, a Confucian philosopher, promoted a meritocratic system of government, emphasizing the importance of selecting officials based on their ability and virtue.

Ren, often translated as benevolence or humaneness, is the central virtue in Confucianism, encompassing love, compassion, and respect for others.

Mozi, a philosopher and social reformer, criticized Confucianism for its focus on ritual and social hierarchy, advocating instead for universal love and impartiality.

Wu wei in Taoism refers to non-action or non-interference, emphasizing the importance of allowing things to follow their natural course without imposing one's will.

Mencius, a Confucian philosopher, stressed the significance of filial piety, social harmony, and the inherent goodness of human nature.

Li in Confucianism refers to ritual, propriety, and social norms that govern human behavior and relationships, emphasizing the importance of maintaining social order and harmony.

Mozi, a philosopher and social reformer, proposed a utopian society characterized by equality, communal living, and the rejection of war and violence.