Genetics and biology are not considered social determinants of health, as they are individual-level factors that are not influenced by social factors.

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, historically marginalized communities in India, face significant health disparities due to social and economic factors.

Social institutions, such as families, schools, workplaces, and governments, play a multifaceted role in shaping health outcomes by providing access to healthcare, promoting healthy behaviors, and addressing social inequalities.

Health disparities refer to differences in health outcomes between different population groups, and can include variations in disease incidence, mortality rates, and access to healthcare.

Social patterning of health refers to the systematic and predictable relationship between social factors and health outcomes, highlighting the role of social inequalities in shaping health.

Enacting policies that favor the wealthy is not a strategy to reduce health disparities, as it would exacerbate social and economic inequalities and worsen health outcomes for disadvantaged populations.

Social gradient in health refers to the systematic and consistent relationship between social class and health outcomes, with lower social class being associated with poorer health.

Schools, workplaces, and families can all play a role in promoting healthy behaviors by providing education, support, and resources to individuals.

Social selection refers to the process by which individuals with certain health conditions are more likely to experience social and economic disadvantages, such as lower educational attainment, unemployment, and poverty.

Universal healthcare coverage, minimum wage laws, and affordable housing programs are all examples of social policies that can improve health outcomes by addressing social and economic determinants of health.

Racial/ethnic health disparities refer to the systematic and consistent differences in health outcomes between different racial or ethnic groups.

Governments, non-profit organizations, and community groups can all play a role in reducing social inequalities by implementing policies, programs, and initiatives that address the root causes of inequality.

Social stigma refers to the process by which individuals with certain health conditions are more likely to experience social isolation and discrimination, leading to negative social and psychological consequences.

Policies that increase income inequality can worsen health outcomes by exacerbating social and economic disparities and limiting access to resources and opportunities that promote health.

Gender health disparities refer to the systematic and consistent differences in health outcomes between men and women.