Brahmagupta, an Indian mathematician and astronomer, is widely regarded as the first person to develop the concept of zero as a number and to use it in calculations.

The Brahmasphuta Siddhanta, written by Brahmagupta in the 7th century CE, is the first known text to use the decimal system, including the concept of zero as a place holder.

Bhaskara II, an Indian mathematician and astronomer from the 12th century CE, is credited with developing the concept of negative numbers and using them in calculations.

Brahmagupta's Formula, developed by Brahmagupta in the 7th century CE, is used to calculate the area of a triangle given the lengths of its sides.

Aryabhata, an Indian mathematician and astronomer from the 5th century CE, is credited with developing the concept of the sine function and using it in astronomical calculations.

The Sulba Sutras, a collection of ancient Indian mathematical texts, contain the first known use of the Pythagorean theorem, dating back to around 800 BCE.

Pingala, an ancient Indian mathematician and grammarian, is credited with developing the concept of the Fibonacci sequence around the 2nd century BCE.

Lilavati, a mathematical treatise written by Bhaskara II in the 12th century CE, contains the first known use of the Pascal's triangle, a triangular array of binomial coefficients.

Aryabhata, an Indian mathematician and astronomer from the 5th century CE, is credited with developing the concept of the golden ratio and using it in various mathematical and astronomical calculations.

The Brahmasphuta Siddhanta, written by Brahmagupta in the 7th century CE, contains the first known use of the concept of infinity, represented by the symbol 'bha'.

Bhaskara II, an Indian mathematician and astronomer from the 12th century CE, is credited with developing the concept of the mean value theorem, which states that for a continuous function on a closed interval, there exists a point where the function takes on the average value.

The Brahmasphuta Siddhanta, written by Brahmagupta in the 7th century CE, contains the first known use of the concept of limits, which is essential for the development of calculus.

Bhaskara II, an Indian mathematician and astronomer from the 12th century CE, is credited with developing the concept of the derivative, which is a fundamental concept in calculus.

The Brahmasphuta Siddhanta, written by Brahmagupta in the 7th century CE, contains the first known use of the concept of the integral, which is essential for the development of calculus.

Bhaskara II, an Indian mathematician and astronomer from the 12th century CE, is credited with developing the concept of the differential equation, which is a fundamental concept in mathematics and physics.