The primary goal of health economics and policy is to improve the overall health of a population, taking into account factors such as cost, access, and equity.

The opportunity cost of healthcare is the value of the next best alternative use of resources, which is not realized due to the allocation of resources to healthcare.

Moral hazard, adverse selection, and externalities are all types of market failures that can occur in healthcare, leading to inefficient outcomes.

Positive statements in health economics are based on facts and evidence, while normative statements are based on values and opinions.

Managed care, fee-for-service, and capitation are all common types of health insurance plans, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.

The goal of universal health coverage is to provide health insurance to everyone in a population, regardless of their income, employment status, or health status.

Pay-for-performance, bundled payments, and capitation are all types of healthcare provider payment systems that aim to improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare services.

Health outcomes are the result of health determinants, which are factors that influence the health status of individuals and populations.

Public health programs, healthcare regulations, and health insurance subsidies are all types of health policy interventions that aim to improve the health of a population.

Cost-effectiveness analysis is used in health policy to compare the costs and benefits of different healthcare interventions, determine the most cost-effective intervention, and allocate healthcare resources efficiently.

Rising healthcare costs, aging populations, and increasing prevalence of chronic diseases are all challenges facing healthcare systems around the world.

The goal of health technology assessment is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of new health technologies, determine their cost-effectiveness, and inform healthcare policy decisions.

Horizontal equity, vertical equity, and intergenerational equity are all types of health equity that aim to ensure that everyone has a fair and just opportunity to achieve their full health potential.

Behavioral economics is used in health policy to understand how people make decisions about their health, design health policies that are more effective, and promote healthy behaviors.

Process evaluation, impact evaluation, and cost-effectiveness evaluation are all types of health policy evaluation that aim to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of health policies.