Qualia, phenomenal consciousness, and subjective awareness are all terms used to describe the subjective, conscious experience of a mental state.

The Mind-Body Problem encompasses the relationship between mental phenomena and physical matter, consciousness and the brain, and qualia and the physical world.

Physicalism is the philosophical position that mental phenomena are identical to physical processes in the brain.

Dualism posits that the mind and body are two distinct substances that interact in some way.

The Hard Problem of Consciousness specifically addresses the challenge of explaining the subjective experience of qualia.

The explanatory gap encompasses the difficulty in explaining how mental phenomena can arise from physical processes, the lack of understanding of the relationship between consciousness and the brain, and the incompatibility between physical and mental properties.

Dualism asserts that the mind is a non-physical entity that interacts with the physical brain.

The concept of emergent properties encompasses the idea that mental phenomena arise from the complex interactions of physical processes, qualia are irreducible to physical properties, and consciousness is a product of the brain's activity.

Idealism posits that mental phenomena are the fundamental reality and that the physical world is a product of consciousness.

The qualia problem encompasses the difficulty in explaining the subjective experience of qualia, understanding the relationship between mental and physical properties, and bridging the explanatory gap between the mind and the brain.

Materialism asserts that all mental phenomena can be reduced to physical processes and denies the existence of qualia.

Panpsychism proposes that consciousness is a fundamental property of all matter, not just living organisms.

The identity theory posits that mental states are identical to brain states.

Phenomenology focuses on the study of the subjective experience of consciousness.

The type-type identity theory asserts that mental types, such as pain or belief, are identical to brain types.