Natural vegetation does not contribute significantly to air pollution in urban areas, unlike vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and residential heating.

Acid rain is primarily caused by the emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from the burning of fossil fuels, which react with water vapor in the atmosphere to form acids.

Primary air pollutants are emitted directly into the atmosphere from sources such as vehicles and industrial processes. Carbon monoxide is a primary air pollutant, while ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfuric acid are secondary pollutants formed through chemical reactions in the atmosphere.

Deposition refers to the process by which pollutants are removed from the atmosphere and deposited onto the Earth's surface through mechanisms such as wet deposition (rain and snow) and dry deposition (settling of particles).

Photochemical smog is a type of air pollution that forms when sunlight reacts with pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from vehicles and industrial activities, resulting in a brown haze.

Tobacco smoke is a major source of indoor air pollution in homes, releasing harmful substances such as particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and nicotine into the air.

Nitrogen is not a greenhouse gas, as it does not trap heat in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor.

Dispersion refers to the process by which pollutants are spread out and mixed in the atmosphere due to factors such as wind and turbulence.

Secondary air pollutants are formed in the atmosphere through chemical reactions between primary pollutants. Ozone is a secondary pollutant formed by the reaction of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight.

Industrial activities, such as mining, manufacturing, and construction, are major sources of particulate matter (PM) air pollution, releasing fine particles into the atmosphere.

Recycling is a waste management practice that reduces the need for raw materials and energy consumption, but it is not directly related to air pollution control technologies.

Advection refers to the process by which pollutants are transported horizontally away from their source by wind currents.

Agricultural activities, such as the use of fertilizers and pesticides, as well as livestock farming, can contribute to air pollution in rural areas.

Power plants that burn fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, are major sources of sulfur dioxide (SO2) air pollution, releasing SO2 into the atmosphere during the combustion process.

Improved cognitive function is not a known health effect associated with air pollution. In fact, air pollution has been linked to adverse effects on cognitive function, such as reduced cognitive performance and increased risk of dementia.