Climate change refers to the long-term shifts in climate patterns, while climate variability describes the natural fluctuations in climate over shorter periods.

Carbon dioxide is the primary greenhouse gas contributing to global warming due to its high concentration in the atmosphere and its ability to absorb and emit infrared radiation.

Extreme weather events refer to the more frequent and severe weather phenomena that are linked to climate change.

Coastal regions are highly susceptible to the effects of climate change, such as sea-level rise, storm surges, and coastal erosion.

Global warming refers to the long-term increase in the Earth's average temperature due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases.

Industrialization, particularly the burning of fossil fuels for energy production, has led to a significant increase in greenhouse gas emissions.

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a natural climate pattern that involves the warming and cooling of the Pacific Ocean.

While climate change can have negative impacts on food production, it is not a direct consequence of changes in weather patterns and extreme events.

Adaptation refers to the measures taken to adjust to the impacts of climate change, such as building sea walls to protect coastal communities from rising sea levels.

Oxygen is not a greenhouse gas because it does not absorb and emit infrared radiation like other greenhouse gases.

Mitigation refers to the actions taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and limit the impacts of climate change.

While climate change can have negative impacts on air quality, it is not a direct consequence of changes in weather patterns and extreme events.

Climate variability refers to the natural fluctuations in climate over shorter periods, including the return to the Earth's natural climate state.

Deforestation contributes to climate change by releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, so it is not a viable strategy for mitigation.

Climate tipping points refer to the critical thresholds in the climate system beyond which abrupt and irreversible changes can occur.