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Sample Size and Validity

Description: This quiz will test your knowledge on the concepts of sample size and validity in psychological research.
Number of Questions: 15
Created by:
Tags: sample size validity psychometrics
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In a research study, the sample size refers to the:

  1. Number of participants in the study

  2. Number of variables being measured

  3. Duration of the study

  4. Type of statistical analysis used

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Sample size refers to the number of participants or observations included in a research study.

The larger the sample size, the:

  1. More accurate the results

  2. Less accurate the results

  3. No effect on the accuracy of the results

  4. Results become more biased

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Generally, a larger sample size leads to more accurate and reliable results, as it reduces the impact of random sampling error.

The main purpose of calculating a sample size is to:

  1. Ensure that the results are statistically significant

  2. Reduce the cost of the study

  3. Make the study more convenient to conduct

  4. Ensure that the results are generalizable

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The primary purpose of determining the sample size is to ensure that the results obtained from the study can be generalized to the larger population of interest.

Which of the following factors is NOT considered when determining the appropriate sample size?

  1. Level of significance

  2. Effect size

  3. Type of statistical test

  4. Convenience of sampling

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Convenience of sampling is not a factor that is typically considered when determining the appropriate sample size. The other factors, such as level of significance, effect size, and type of statistical test, are all important considerations.

The concept of validity in psychological research refers to the:

  1. Accuracy of the measurement

  2. Generalizability of the results

  3. Reliability of the measurement

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Validity encompasses all of these aspects: accuracy, generalizability, and reliability. A valid measurement tool or research design provides accurate, reliable, and generalizable results.

There are two main types of validity: internal validity and external validity. Internal validity refers to:

  1. The extent to which a study's results are accurate and unbiased

  2. The extent to which a study's results can be generalized to other populations or settings

  3. The extent to which a study's results are replicable

  4. The extent to which a study's results are meaningful and relevant

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Internal validity assesses the accuracy and unbiasedness of a study's results, ensuring that the observed relationships between variables are not due to confounding factors or methodological flaws.

External validity refers to:

  1. The extent to which a study's results are accurate and unbiased

  2. The extent to which a study's results can be generalized to other populations or settings

  3. The extent to which a study's results are replicable

  4. The extent to which a study's results are meaningful and relevant

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

External validity addresses the generalizability of a study's findings, determining whether the results can be applied to other groups, contexts, or situations beyond the specific sample and setting of the study.

Which of the following is NOT a common method for assessing the validity of a measurement tool or research design?

  1. Content validity

  2. Construct validity

  3. Concurrent validity

  4. Face validity

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Face validity refers to the extent to which a measurement tool or research design appears to be valid based on its surface characteristics. It is not a rigorous method for assessing validity, as it relies on subjective judgments rather than empirical evidence.

Content validity is concerned with:

  1. The extent to which a measurement tool or research design covers the full range of relevant content

  2. The extent to which a measurement tool or research design measures what it claims to measure

  3. The extent to which a measurement tool or research design is related to other measures of the same construct

  4. The extent to which a measurement tool or research design is generalizable to different populations or settings

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Content validity assesses whether a measurement tool or research design adequately represents the domain of interest and captures all the important aspects of the construct being measured.

Construct validity is concerned with:

  1. The extent to which a measurement tool or research design covers the full range of relevant content

  2. The extent to which a measurement tool or research design measures what it claims to measure

  3. The extent to which a measurement tool or research design is related to other measures of the same construct

  4. The extent to which a measurement tool or research design is generalizable to different populations or settings

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Construct validity evaluates whether a measurement tool or research design truly measures the intended construct or concept, as opposed to other related constructs or factors.

Concurrent validity is concerned with:

  1. The extent to which a measurement tool or research design covers the full range of relevant content

  2. The extent to which a measurement tool or research design measures what it claims to measure

  3. The extent to which a measurement tool or research design is related to other measures of the same construct

  4. The extent to which a measurement tool or research design is generalizable to different populations or settings

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Concurrent validity assesses the relationship between a measurement tool or research design and other established measures of the same construct or related constructs.

Which of the following is NOT a common type of sampling method?

  1. Simple random sampling

  2. Stratified random sampling

  3. Cluster sampling

  4. Convenience sampling

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling method where participants are selected based on their easy accessibility or convenience, rather than their representativeness of the population of interest.

In a simple random sample, each member of the population has an:

  1. Equal chance of being selected

  2. Unequal chance of being selected

  3. No chance of being selected

  4. Chance of being selected that depends on their characteristics

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Simple random sampling ensures that every member of the population has an equal opportunity to be included in the sample, eliminating bias and increasing the representativeness of the sample.

Stratified random sampling is used when:

  1. The population is homogeneous

  2. The population is heterogeneous

  3. The sample size is small

  4. The study is exploratory

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Stratified random sampling is employed when the population is heterogeneous, allowing researchers to ensure that different subgroups or strata within the population are adequately represented in the sample.

Cluster sampling is used when:

  1. The population is geographically dispersed

  2. The population is homogeneous

  3. The sample size is small

  4. The study is exploratory

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Cluster sampling is often used when the population is geographically dispersed or difficult to access, as it involves selecting a few clusters (e.g., cities, schools) and then randomly sampling individuals within those clusters.

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