Aryabhata, in the 5th century CE, suggested that the universe is expanding and that the stars and planets move through space.

Aryabhatiya is a seminal work in Indian astronomy, containing significant contributions to mathematics and astronomy.

Aryabhata proposed a heliocentric model of the solar system, placing the Sun at the center, centuries before Copernicus.

The Kerala School of Astronomy and Mathematics made notable contributions to mathematics and astronomy, including the development of the concept of zero, advancements in trigonometry, and the understanding of the spherical shape of the Earth.

Bhaskara II, in the 12th century CE, suggested that the universe is infinite in size and extent.

Maharaja Jai Singh II constructed five Jantar Mantars, astronomical observatories, in various cities across India.

Brahmagupta developed mathematical models to describe the motion of planets and proposed the idea of elliptical orbits.

The gnomon, a simple device consisting of a vertical rod, was used in ancient India to measure the altitude of celestial bodies.

Varahamihira, in the 6th century CE, supported the geocentric model of the universe, with the Earth at the center.

Surya Siddhanta is an important astronomical text that provides detailed observations of eclipses and planetary positions.

Varahamihira proposed the concept of a cosmic cycle, involving the creation, preservation, and destruction of the universe.

The yasti yantra was an astronomical instrument used to measure the angular distance between celestial bodies.

Aryabhata proposed the idea of a rotating Earth, centuries before the concept was widely accepted.

Yantra Sarvasva is an astronomical text that provides detailed descriptions of various astronomical instruments.

Bhaskara II suggested the possibility of multiple planetary systems beyond our own solar system.