Environmental political thought emphasizes the importance of protecting the natural environment for its own sake, rather than solely for its economic value.

Henry David Thoreau, an American writer and philosopher, is widely regarded as the father of environmental political thought for his influential book "Walden", which explores the relationship between humans and nature.

Aldo Leopold, an American ecologist and writer, developed the concept of a "land ethic" that recognizes the inherent value of the natural world and the need for humans to live in harmony with it.

Intergenerational equity refers to the ethical principle that present generations have a responsibility to ensure that the natural environment is preserved for the benefit of future generations.

John Locke, an English philosopher, argued that humans have a natural right to property, including the right to exploit natural resources for their own benefit.

Cornucopianism is the belief that human ingenuity and technological progress will allow us to overcome environmental challenges and continue to grow economically without limits.

Herman Daly, an American ecological economist, argued that the overconsumption of resources by affluent societies is the root cause of environmental problems and that we need to transition to a more sustainable economic model.

Malthusianism is the belief that population growth will eventually outstrip the Earth's resources, leading to widespread famine and conflict.

John Muir, a Scottish-American naturalist and writer, argued that humans have a moral obligation to protect the environment because it is a source of aesthetic and spiritual value.

Ecological modernization is the belief that environmental problems can be solved through technological innovation and economic growth, while still maintaining a high standard of living.

Joan Martinez-Alier, a Spanish ecological economist, argued that environmental problems are caused by the unequal distribution of wealth and power, and that we need to transition to a more just and sustainable economic system.

An externality is a cost or benefit that is imposed on a third party as a result of an economic transaction, and environmental externalities occur when the costs of environmental degradation are not reflected in the prices of goods and services.

Murray Bookchin, an American social ecologist, argued that the root cause of environmental problems is the alienation of humans from nature, and that we need to reconnect with nature in order to live in a more sustainable way.

The tragedy of the commons is the idea that when a resource is shared by a group of people, each individual has an incentive to overuse the resource, leading to its eventual depletion.

Val Plumwood, an Australian ecofeminist philosopher, argued that environmental problems are caused by the domination of nature by humans, and that we need to adopt a more respectful and egalitarian relationship with the natural world.