Portugal was the first European country to establish a permanent colony in Africa, with the capture of Ceuta in 1415.

The primary motivation for European colonization of Africa was economic exploitation, with the aim of extracting valuable resources such as gold, ivory, and slaves.

European colonialism contributed to the expansion of slavery in Africa through increased demand for labor, disruption of traditional African societies, and political instability.

West Africa was the region most affected by the transatlantic slave trade, with an estimated 12 million people enslaved and shipped to the Americas.

The transatlantic slave trade had devastating consequences for African societies, including depopulation, economic decline, and social disruption.

African people resisted European colonialism and slavery through armed resistance, cultural resistance, economic resistance, and a combination of all three.

Samori Toure, the founder of the Wassoulou Empire, is known for his successful resistance against French colonialism in West Africa.

European colonialism had a significant impact on African culture and traditions, often leading to cultural suppression and the imposition of European values and practices.

The abolition of slavery in the 19th century led to a shift in the focus of European colonialism in Africa, from the extraction of slaves to the exploitation of natural resources and the establishment of settler colonies.

France had the largest colonial empire in Africa, covering over 10 million square kilometers at its peak.

The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 was a meeting of European powers to divide Africa among themselves, leading to the colonization of the continent.

Ghana was the first African country to gain independence from European colonial rule, achieving independence from Britain in 1957.

The legacy of European colonialism continued to impact African countries after independence, leading to economic inequality, political instability, and social divisions.

There are ongoing efforts to address the legacy of European colonialism in Africa, including reparations, historical reconciliation, and economic development.

We can learn from the history of European colonialism in Africa to prevent similar atrocities in the future through education, international cooperation, and global justice.