Spectrum sharing in 5G aims to improve spectrum utilization and efficiency by allowing multiple users or services to access the same spectrum resources simultaneously.

OFDM is a spectrum sharing technique that divides the available spectrum into multiple orthogonal subcarriers, allowing multiple users to transmit data simultaneously without interference.

Dynamic spectrum sharing allows network operators to allocate spectrum resources to users or services based on real-time demand, resulting in improved spectrum utilization and efficiency.

FDM is a spectrum sharing technique that divides the available spectrum into multiple frequency bands, allowing different users or services to transmit data simultaneously on different frequencies.

Licensed spectrum provides exclusive access to a specific frequency band, resulting in improved spectrum quality and reduced interference, which is crucial for ensuring reliable and high-performance 5G services.

CDM is a spectrum sharing technique that assigns unique codes to different users, allowing them to transmit data simultaneously on the same frequency without interference.

Interference management is a critical challenge in spectrum sharing as multiple users or services may transmit data simultaneously on the same spectrum resources, leading to potential interference and reduced performance.

TDM is a spectrum sharing technique that divides the available spectrum into time slots and assigns them to different users, allowing them to transmit data sequentially on the same frequency.

Spectrum brokers play a crucial role in facilitating spectrum trading and enabling efficient spectrum sharing by connecting spectrum owners and users, negotiating spectrum prices, and managing spectrum transactions.

SDM is a spectrum sharing technique that divides the available spectrum into smaller segments and assigns them to different users based on their location, allowing for spatial reuse of spectrum resources.

Unlicensed spectrum is typically available at a lower cost compared to licensed spectrum, making it an attractive option for spectrum sharing, especially for applications that do not require high levels of performance or reliability.

QAM is a spectrum sharing technique that involves assigning different modulation schemes to different users, allowing them to transmit data simultaneously on the same frequency without interference.

Cognitive radio technology enables dynamic spectrum access by allowing devices to sense and adapt to the spectrum environment, improving spectrum utilization and reducing interference.

FDM is a spectrum sharing technique that divides the available spectrum into multiple frequency channels and assigns them to different users, allowing them to transmit data simultaneously on different frequencies.

Resource allocation is a critical challenge in dynamic spectrum sharing as network operators need to efficiently allocate spectrum resources to different users or services based on real-time demand and varying spectrum conditions.