Data deduplication is the process of identifying and removing duplicate data points from a dataset to ensure data integrity and consistency.

Data imputation is the process of estimating and replacing missing values in a dataset using statistical methods or machine learning algorithms.

Data encoding is the process of converting categorical data into numerical data to make it suitable for numerical analysis and machine learning algorithms.

Data normalization is the process of scaling numerical data to a common range, typically between 0 and 1 or -1 and 1, to improve the performance of machine learning algorithms.

Data discretization is the process of dividing a continuous numerical variable into a set of discrete intervals to make it suitable for analysis and visualization.

Data transformation involves creating new features from existing features using mathematical operations, feature engineering techniques, or domain-specific knowledge.

Data augmentation is the process of creating synthetic data points from existing data to increase the size and diversity of the dataset.

Data cleaning involves identifying and removing outliers, errors, and inconsistencies from a dataset to improve the quality of the data.

Data transformation involves applying mathematical functions to transform non-linear relationships between variables into linear relationships to improve the performance of machine learning algorithms.

Feature selection involves removing redundant or irrelevant features from a dataset to reduce dimensionality and improve the performance of machine learning algorithms.

Data splitting involves dividing a dataset into training and testing sets to evaluate the performance of machine learning models.

Data balancing involves adjusting the distribution of classes in a dataset to ensure that all classes are represented equally, which is important for classification tasks.

Text preprocessing involves converting text data into a numerical format suitable for analysis and machine learning algorithms, which includes tokenization, stemming, and lemmatization.

Stop word removal involves removing common words that do not contribute to the meaning of a text, such as articles, prepositions, and conjunctions, to improve the performance of text analysis and machine learning algorithms.

Date and time preprocessing involves converting dates and times into a consistent format, such as a Unix timestamp or ISO 8601 format, to facilitate analysis and comparison.