Aryabhata I, an Indian astronomer and mathematician from the 5th century CE, developed the concept of the sine function and compiled a table of sines.

Jai Singh II, the Maharaja of Jaipur, built five astronomical observatories called Jantar Mantar in the 18th century.

Aryabhata I proposed the heliocentric theory of the solar system in his work Aryabhatiya, which was written in the 6th century CE.

Varahamihira, an Indian astrologer and astronomer from the 6th century CE, wrote the Brihat Samhita, which is a comprehensive treatise on astrology and astronomy.

Brahmagupta, an Indian astronomer and mathematician from the 7th century CE, developed the decimal system and the concept of zero.

Bhaskara II, an Indian astronomer and mathematician from the 12th century CE, wrote the Lilavati, which is a treatise on mathematics.

Brahmagupta, an Indian astronomer and mathematician from the 7th century CE, developed the quadratic equation and the concept of negative numbers.

Aryabhata I, an Indian astronomer and mathematician from the 5th century CE, wrote the Surya Siddhanta, which is a treatise on astronomy.

Aryabhata I, an Indian astronomer and mathematician from the 5th century CE, developed the trigonometric functions of sine, cosine, and tangent.

Varahamihira, an Indian astronomer and mathematician from the 6th century CE, wrote the Pancasiddhantika, which is a treatise on astronomy.

Baudhayana, an Indian mathematician from the 8th century BCE, developed the Pythagorean theorem.

Madhava of Sangamagrama, an Indian astronomer and mathematician from the 14th century CE, wrote the Vedanga Jyotisha, which is a treatise on astronomy.

Madhava of Sangamagrama, an Indian astronomer and mathematician from the 14th century CE, developed the calculus.

Nilakantha Somayaji, an Indian astronomer and mathematician from the 15th century CE, wrote the Tantrasamgraha, which is a treatise on astronomy.

Madhava of Sangamagrama, an Indian astronomer and mathematician from the 14th century CE, developed the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics.