Language planning aims to establish a standard form of a language, ensuring consistency in its usage across various domains, such as education, media, and government.

Language replacement refers to the adoption of a foreign language as the official language, often resulting in the decline or disappearance of indigenous languages.

Language revitalization encompasses efforts to revive and restore a language that is at risk of disappearing, often involving language documentation, education, and community engagement.

Language maintenance refers to efforts to sustain and promote the use of a minority language within a larger linguistic community, often through language education, cultural preservation, and community initiatives.

Language standardization involves establishing a standard form of a language, including its grammar, spelling, and pronunciation, to ensure consistency in its usage across various domains.

Language expansion refers to the process of developing new words and expressions to enrich a language's vocabulary, often in response to technological advancements, cultural changes, or the need for specialized terminology.

Language acquisition refers to the process of learning and becoming proficient in a new language, involving the development of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills.

Language promotion involves actively encouraging the use of a language in various domains, such as education, media, and government, to enhance its status and visibility.

Language script development refers to the process of creating a written script for a language that previously lacked one, enabling its written representation and facilitating literacy.

Language simplification involves modifying the grammar and spelling of a language to make it easier to learn and use, often targeting non-native speakers or learners with limited proficiency.

Language specialization involves adapting a language to meet the specific needs of a particular domain, such as science, technology, or law, by developing specialized terminology and expressions.

Language internationalization involves promoting the use of a language in international communication and diplomacy, often through the establishment of international organizations and agreements.

Language policy development involves formulating and implementing language policies and regulations at the national or regional level, often addressing issues such as language rights, education, and official language status.

Language media promotion involves actively encouraging the use of a language in the media, including television, radio, and newspapers, to enhance its visibility and reach.

Language planning evaluation involves assessing the effectiveness of language planning initiatives and making necessary adjustments to ensure their success and alignment with changing circumstances.